1.Which production system focuses on producing customized, one-of-a-kind products?

1. a) Mass production
2. b) Lean production
3. 4) Job shop production
4. d) Batch production

2. Which of the following is not a key component of the "Four Ps" in operations management? a) Product b) Price c) Place d) Personnel

3. What is the main purpose of a Gantt chart in operations management? a) To allocate resources efficiently b) To monitor project progress over time c) To analyze financial performance d) To optimize supply chain logistics

4. Which inventory management method aims to minimize holding costs by ordering just enough inventory to meet immediate demand? a) Just-in-time (JIT) inventory b) Economic order quantity (EOQ) c) ABC analysis d) Safety stock management

5. What is the key objective of total quality management (TQM) in operations management? a) Reducing production costs b) Maximizing profit margins c) Ensuring high product or service quality d) Streamlining supply chain operations

1. What is the median of the following dataset: [10, 15, 20, 25, 30]?

a) 10 b) 20 c) 25 d) 15

2. In a normal distribution, approximately what percentage of data falls within one standard deviation of the mean? a) 25% b) 50% c) 68% d) 95%

3. Which measure of central tendency is most affected by outliers? a) Mean b) Median c) Mode d) Range

4. The interquartile range (IQR) is a measure of: a) Data spread b) Data central tendency c) Data variance d) Data skewness

5. If two events are independent, what is the probability of both events occurring? a) The sum of their probabilities b) The product of their probabilities c) The difference of their probabilities d) The ratio of their probabilities

6. What is the formula for calculating the variance of a dataset? a) (Sum of values) / (Number of values) b) Square root of the mean c) (Sum of squared differences from the mean) / (Number of values) d) Median - Mode

7. Which of the following is NOT a measure of variability in statistics? a) Standard deviation b) Range c) Mean d) Variance

8. A z-score measures: a) The proportion of data above a certain value b) The proportion of data below a certain value c) How many standard deviations a data point is from the mean d) The mean of a dataset

9. In hypothesis testing, what is the p-value used to determine? a) The sample size b) The level of confidence c) The probability of observing the data if the null hypothesis is true d) The population mean

10. Which type of sampling technique involves dividing the population into non-overlapping subgroups and then randomly selecting samples from each subgroup? a) Simple random sampling b) Systematic sampling c) Stratified sampling d) Cluster sampling

1. What does the p-value represent in hypothesis testing? a) The probability of making a Type I error b) The probability of making a Type II error c) The probability of observing the data if the null hypothesis is true d) The level of confidence in the alternative hypothesis

2. What is the formula for calculating the standard deviation of a dataset? a) (Sum of values) / (Number of values) b) Square root of the mean c) (Sum of squared differences from the mean) / (Number of values) d) Median - Mode

3. In a normal distribution, what percentage of data falls within two standard deviations of the mean? a) 25% b) 50% c) 68% d) 95%

4. What is the primary purpose of a scatterplot in statistics? a) To display the distribution of a single variable b) To show the relationship between two variables c) To summarize categorical data d) To calculate the mean and median of a dataset

5. When comparing the means of two independent groups, which statistical test is appropriate? a) Chi-squared test b) T-test c) ANOVA d) Regression analysis

1. What is the median of the following data set: 10, 15, 20, 25, 30? a) 10 b) 15 c) 20 d) 25 e) 30

2. What does the term "standard deviation" measure in a data set? a) The average value b) The spread or dispersion c) The total sum d) The minimum value e) The maximum value

3. In a normal distribution, what percentage of data falls within one standard deviation of the mean? a) 25% b) 50% c) 68% d) 95% e) 99.7%

4. Which type of data is categorical and cannot be measured on a numerical scale? a) Discrete data b) Continuous data c) Ordinal data d) Nominal data e) Interval data

5. What is the formula for calculating the mean (average) of a data set? a) Sum of all values divided by the number of values b) Median divided by the mode c) Maximum value minus the minimum value d) Sum of all values squared e) None of the above

6. Which measure of central tendency is affected the most by outliers in a data set? a) Mean b) Median c) Mode d) Range e) Variance

7. In hypothesis testing, what is the significance level typically set at to determine statistical significance? a) 0.01 b) 0.05 c) 0.10 d) 0.25 e) 1.00

8. What does the p-value in hypothesis testing represent? a) The probability of making a Type I error b) The probability of making a Type II error c) The probability of observing the sample data if the null hypothesis is true d) The probability of observing the sample data if the alternative hypothesis is true e) The probability of a significant result

9. Which statistical test is used to determine if there is a significant association between two categorical variables? a) t-test b) Chi-square test c) ANOVA d) Regression analysis e) Z-test

10. What is the range of correlation coefficient values, typically ranging from -1 to 1, that indicates a perfect positive correlation? a) -1 to -0.5 b) -0.5 to 0 c) 0 to 0.5 d) 0.5 to 1 e) 1

11. What type of probability distribution is often used to model the number of successes in a fixed number of trials with two possible outcomes? a) Poisson distribution b) Exponential distribution c) Binomial distribution d) Normal distribution e) Chi-square distribution

12. In a boxplot, which part of the box represents the interquartile range (IQR)? a) The entire box b) The lower half of the box c) The upper half of the box d) The whiskers e) The median line

13. What is the formula for calculating the probability of an event using the classical probability approach? a) P(A and B) = P(A) + P(B) b) P(A or B) = P(A) P(B) c) P(A|B) = P(A) P(B) d) P(A) = Number of favorable outcomes / Total number of outcomes e) P(A) = Number of possible outcomes / Number of favorable outcomes

14. Which type of sampling method involves dividing the population into non-overlapping subgroups and then selecting a random sample from each subgroup? a) Stratified sampling b) Simple random sampling c) Convenience sampling d) Cluster sampling e) Systematic sampling

15. What is the purpose of a histogram in statistics? a) To display the distribution of categorical data b) To show the relationship between two variables c) To visualize the spread of data d) To represent data as bars of varying heights e) To compare means of two groups

16. What is the mode of the following data set: 5, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10? a) 5 b) 6 c) 7 d) 8 e) 9

17. Which measure of dispersion represents the difference between the third quartile (Q3) and the first quartile (Q1)? a) Mean b) Variance c) Standard deviation d) Interquartile range (IQR) e) Range

18. What is the formula for calculating the z-score of a data point in a normal distribution? a) (X - ) / b) (X - ) * c) (X + ) / d) (X + ) * e) (X - ) / (2 * )

19. In regression analysis, what is the dependent variable? a) The variable that is manipulated b) The variable that is predicted or explained c) The variable that is controlled for d) The variable that is not considered e) The variable that is independent of other variables

20. What does the coefficient of determination (R-squared) measure in regression analysis? a) The strength of the relationship between two variables b) The slope of the regression line c) The proportion of the variance in the dependent variable explained by the independent variable d) The p-value of the regression analysis e) The mean squared error

21. What is the primary purpose of statistical hypothesis testing? a) To estimate population parameters with high accuracy b) To make inferences about a sample based on population data c) To identify outliers in a data set d) To summarize data using descriptive statistics e) To calculate confidence intervals

22. In a probability distribution, what is the sum of all probabilities equal to? a) 0 b) 1 c) -1 d) 2 e) It varies depending on the distribution

23. What does the term "p-value" stand for in hypothesis testing? a) Probability value b) Population value c) Parameter value d) Percent value e) Power value

24. Which of the following is not a measure of central tendency? a) Mean b) Median c) Mode d) Variance e) Geometric mean

25. In a chi-square goodness-of-fit test, what is the null hypothesis typically testing? a) The difference between

two groups b) The independence of two variables c) The equality of observed and expected frequencies in a categorical variable d) The mean of a population e) The normality of a distribution

26. What is the purpose of a confidence interval in statistics? a) To estimate population parameters with absolute certainty b) To provide a range of values within which a population parameter is likely to fall c) To test hypotheses about a population parameter d) To summarize data using descriptive statistics e) To determine the standard error of the mean

27. Which type of sampling method involves selecting every kth item from a list or population? a) Random sampling b) Stratified sampling c) Systematic sampling d) Cluster sampling e) Convenience sampling

28. In a normal distribution, what percentage of data falls within two standard deviations of the mean? a) 25% b) 50% c) 68% d) 95% e) 99.7%

29. What is the formula for calculating the variance of a data set? a) Sum of all values divided by the number of values b) Median divided by the mode c) Maximum value minus the minimum value d) Sum of squared differences from the mean divided by the number of values e) None of the above

30. Which statistical test is used to determine if there is a significant difference between the means of two independent groups? a) t-test b) Chi-square test c) ANOVA d) Regression analysis e) Z-test