$*21.$ Based on the Keynesian model, one reason to support government spending increases over tax cuts as measures to increase output is that: a$.$ government spending increases the MPC more than tax cuts.b$.$ the government$-$spending multiplier is larger than the tax multiplier.$\text{'}$c$.$ government$-$spending increases do not lead to unplanned changes in inventories, but tax cuts do$.$d$.$ increases in government spending increase planned spending, but tax cuts reduce planned spending.$*22.$ One policy response to the U$.$S$.$ economic slowdown of $2001$ was tax cuts. This policy response can be re presented in the IS$$LM model by shifting the'a. LM; right'b. LM; left'c. IS; right'd. IS; leftcurve to the$*23.$ Assume that planned expenditure consists of consumption, investment, and government expenditures onl y and that investment and government expenditures are fixed. Further, assume that consumption C $=$ c $($Y $$ t Y$),$ where ty denotes taxes as a function of income. Calculate the equilibrium level of Y and the government e xpenditure multiplier.