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2. (a) Find the reduction of 80 mod 9. (b) Fill in the blanks: The reduction of N modulo m can be described as the

2. (a) Find the reduction of 80 mod 9.

(b) Fill in the blanks: The reduction of N modulo m can be described as the unique r ________ such that __________.

4. A message was encrypted using the affine cipher E5,7(x) = 5x + 7. Find the decryption function D5,7.

5. The Hill cipher EK(x) = matrix first row (2 1) second row ( 7 5 ) x was used to encrypt a message. Find the decryption function DK.

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