(2) A researcher wishes to test for a relationship between age and criminal offending. She gathers a sample and for each person, she collects his or her age (in years) and whether that person has ever committed a crime (yes or no). Can she use a chi-square to test for a relationship between these two variables? Why or why not? (4) A researcher is studying the effectiveness of an in-prison treatment program in reducing post-release recidivism. He gathers a sample of recently released prisoners and records, for each person, whether he or she participated in a treatment program while incarcerated (yes or no) and whether that person committed a new crime within 6 months of release (yes or no). Can he use a chi-square to test for a relationship between these two variables? Why or why not? (6) Is the value of the goods stolen during a burglary related to the likelihood that the offender will be arrested? A researcher collects data on the value of stolen goods ($299 or less, $300-$599, $600 and more) and on whether the police arrested someone for the offense (yes or no) a. Which of these variables is the IV, and which is the DV? b. Identify each variable's level of measurement. c. How many rows and columns would the crosstabs table have? (8) Is a victim's gender related to whether or not the offender will be convicted for the crime? A researcher collects data on victim gender (male or female) and whether the offender was convicted (yes or no) a. Which of these variables is the IV, and which is the DV? b. Identify each variable's level of measurement. c. How many rows and columns would the crosstabs table have? (10) Is there an association between the circumstances surrounding a violent altercation that results in a shooting and the type of firearm used? The Firearm Injury Surveillance Study (FISS) records whether the shooting arouse out of a fight and the type of firearm used to cause the injury (here, handguns vs. rifles and shotguns). With an alpha level of .01, conduct a five-step hypothesis test to determine if the variables are independent. Firearm Type Fight involved Handgun Long gun Row marginal Yes 158 11 16 No 309 133 442 Column marginal 467 144 N = 611 (12) In the chapter, we saw that there was a statistically significant difference between men and women in terms of their attitudes about capital punishment. We can extend that line of inquiry and find out whether there is a gender difference in general attitudes about crime