2. Determine whether controls for e-banking applications include: (a) appropriate balancing and reconciling controls for e-banking activity; (b) protection of critical data or information from tampering during transmission and from viewing by unauthorized parties (e.g., encryption); (c) automated validation techniques such as check digits or hash totals to detect tampering with message content during transmission; (d) independent control totals for transactions exchanged between e-banking applications and legacy systems; and (e) ongoing review for suspicious transactions such as large-dollar transactions, high transaction volume, or unusual account activity.