2. Discuss the concepts of natural law, natural rights, and legal positivism with reference to the U.S. Constitution and American concepts of individual rights (and the Declaration of Independence. Give a reasoned answer 3. Discuss the concept of judicial review, including any relevant court cases and the external and internal limitations on the exercise of judicial review by U.S. courts. Give a reasoned answer. How does it act as a check and balance for the other branches of government? Objective: Intro. and Ch. 1, 2, and 3, Natural law and natural rights; legal positivism Federalists and Anti-Federalists; 3/5 Compromise; John Marshall John Locke; Baron Montesquieu. Concepts in interpretation originalism, "living Constitution; stare decisis; Constitutional ends/means discussed at the end of Ch. 1. Federal Jurisdiction: case or controversy, federal question, diversity, Structure of U.S. Supreme court. Writ of certiorari ; Judiciary Act of 1789; Ripeness, mootness, standing, political question doctrine, non-justiciable issues Other external means of limiting judicial review: Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, Ashwander v. TVA and the Ashwander rules, judicial restraint, Mandamus, habeas corpus, contempt of inherent powers of courts