2. It was stated that the inclusion of the salt in the UNIX password scheme increases the difficulty of guessing by a factor of 4096. But the salt is stored in plaintext in the same entry as the corresponding ciphertext password. Although those two characters are known to the attacker and need not be guessed, the salt still increases security. (20 points) 2.1. Assuming there are at most N accounts on the password file, how many bits do we need for the salt? (10 points) 2.2. Assuming that you have successfully answered 2.1 and understand the significance of the salt, here is another question. Wouldn't it be possible to thwart completely all password crackers by dramatically increasing the salt size to, say, 24 or 48 bits? (10 points)