2. Memory strategies... A researcher claims that over 85% of the people who used \"elaborative processing" to remember more course material than those who \"cram\". 1! Population characteristics: or TYPE]: ' TYPE II: 3. Exposure Therapy for Phobias... A. researcher claims that over 55% of the people who use exposure therapy for their phobia completely eliminate the phobic response than those who just use talk therapy. 1* Population characteristics: 1* TYPE I: I TYPE II: Who is at risk, and when? How do we know what our risk is for making each error type? Two main ways have to do with our alpha level and sample size. Whatever we set our alpha at is our probability of making a Type I error. For example, a = . means a 5% probability of making a Type I error. whereas if out o = .[lI we have a 1% probability. You'll get to use an interactive source to gure out the probability of Type II errors. Since a larger sample size is also going to make it more likely that we get a result in that critical region, that also means a larger sample size would make it more likely for us to make a Type I error. Thnrltlcll Hull nan-null wine Type II Type I error error Going one step further... The scenarios above are based on when we DO NOT know what the results of reality are. This is still the case for the scenarios below. (If you see 4a, 4b, 5a, and 5b being talked about in the videos, they have changed since then, so keep that in mind when answering.) Imagine that Jordan and Tevyn are both researchers, interested in multiple studies. Consider the scenarios below and note who in that scenario is "more likely" to make the error type listed. Reality 4. A college claims that 40% of their students participate in campus clubs. Jordan and Tevyn each want to test this Ho True Ho False because they think the proportion is much higher. Jordan Type II Error gathers a random sample of 500 students and uses a = .05. Ho True Correct (B) Tevyn gathers a random sample of 500 students as well though uses a = .01. Ho False Type I Error Correct (a) a. Is it more possible for Jordan or Tevyn to make a Type I Error? If so, who is "more" likely? Why? b. Is it more possible for Jordan or Tevyn to make a Type II Error? If so, who is "more" likely"? Why? 5. Jordan and Tevyn each want to test if the proportion of students in their school who have taken a psychology course is .88 (88%) as noted by the academic counselor because they both hypothesize that the proportion is significantly lower. Each takes a random sample of 200 students. Jordan uses a = .01. Tevyn uses a = .05. a. Is it more possible for Jordan or Tevyn to make a Type I Error? If so, who is "more" likely? Why? b. Is it more possible for Jordan or Tevyn to make a Type II Error? If so, who is "more" likely? Why? Quick Notes on Remembering Null and Alternative: Null means "no, nothing, nada", meaning there is NOT going to be a difference. Otherwise, we have 3 other terms that have the same meaning as each other, stating that there ARE going to be differences. Alternative Hypothesis . Research Hypothesis Experimental Hypothesis