2. Paired samples t-test: A researcher hypothesized that college students would have a tendency to be more liberal at the end of college relative to the beginning. A researcher measured the political orientation of 12 college freshmen using a scale that ranged from liberal to conservative (1 being extremely liberal; 6 being extremely conservative). Four years later, just before graduation, the same 12 students reported their political orientation again. The following scores were obtained. points) 2008 2012 (X1) (X2) SI 4 N N ANWNAAWARAUN AAWANT WI S12 M Difference = .58 SD Difference = 2.31 a. Determine the independent variable, levels of the independent variable, and the dependent variable. 9 b. State the null as well as the alternative hypothesis. Be sure to include symbols and words. c. Identify the critical value and draw a rejection region. Be sure to note the alpha level (i.e., the criterion) and degrees of freedom associated with this value