1. (2 points) Does the herb Echinacea help the common cold? A study investigated the impact of echinacea vs. a standard cold medication on cold symptoms. Each subject in the study chose to take either the echinacea or a standard cold medication in capsule form. After taking the capsule for one week, the subjects then reported to the researchers the status of their cold symptoms. The researchers subsequently reported that there was no statistically significant difference in the duration of the cold between these groups. The variable duration of cold in this study would be the

a. Explanatory variable

b. Response variable

c. Population

d. Statistic

2. (2 points) Does the herb Echinacea help the common cold? A study investigated the impact of echinacea vs. a standard cold medication on cold symptoms. Each subject in the study chose to take either the echinacea or a standard cold medication in capsule form. After taking the capsule for one week, the subjects then reported to the researchers the status of their cold symptoms. The researchers subsequently reported that there was no statistically significant difference in the duration of the cold between these groups. Identify the type of study.

a. Cluster sample

b. Social acceptability bias

c. Experiment

d. Observational study

3. (2 points) A psychologist wishes to test a behavioral modification therapy that is claimed to improve the behavior of pre-teen autistic children. She randomly selects 40 pre-teen autistic children and exposes half of the group to the behavioral modification therapy while the other half continue with their standard treatment regimen. A standardized behavioral test is administered to each child both before and after his/her respective treatment. The sample in this experiment is

a. all pre-teen autistic children.

b. the 20 children who continue with their standard treatment regimen

c. the 20 children who receive the behavioral modification therapy.

d. the 40 selected pre-teen autistic children.

4. (2 points) Suppose the Blue Jackets organization wants to determine what fans think about social distancing policies at Nationwide Arena after fans were recently allowed to attend games. The surveyor breaks the arena into sections, randomly selects a few fans in each section, and then combines to form the overall sample. This is an example of

a. Cluster sampling

b. Random sampling

c. Stratified sampling

d. Weighted sampling

5. (2 points) A conservationist measures the diameters in centimeters of 100 oak trees in a forest. The data is summarized with a five-number summary as follows: Minimum = 3 Q1 = 16.2 Median = 26.1 Q3 = 32.2 Maximum = 38.1. Based on the five-number summary, the overall shape of the tree diameters appears to be

a. Heavily skewed to the left.

b. Heavily skewed to the right.

c. Approximately symmetric.

d. Cannot be determined.

6. (2 points) An administrator at Columbus State is interested in the amount of time (in minutes) students spend on Zoom per week during the Covid -19 pandemic. After taking a random sample of students, which graph would be most appropriate for displaying these data?

a. Bar graph

B. Histogram

c. Pie chart

d. Time-series plot