2. (SHOW YOUR RESULTS) Visit the site http://tracert.com/trace_exe.html or www.traceroute.org and perform traceroutes from two locations in the same country on the same continent to ip address 75.75.75.75 as your destination address in the US. Note occasionally some of the country entries are not reachable. Find a country with (2) working links. Cut and paste your traceroutes and include them with your handed in assignment.

->A. How many links are the same in the two traceroutes?

->B. Identify the longest link in your output (transatlantic link). Is the same transatlantic link used for both traceroutes?

4. A router receives a packet on an inbound interface and forwards it to an outbound interface. When packet n arrives there are 14 packets waiting to be forwarded to the same outbound interface. One of the 14 packets is halfway done being transmitted when packet n arrives. What is the queuing delay for packet n? Note that packets are transmitted in order of arrival. Assume packets are 1500 bytes and the transmission rate is 1.5 Mbps.

5.As an applications message travels through a path on a network

->A.What information is added to an applications message to make it a segment?

->B.What is added to a segment to make it a datagram?

->C.What is added to a datagram to make it a frame?

6. This problem begins to explore propagation delay and transmission delay, two central concepts in data networking. Consider 2 hosts, A and B, connected by a single link of rate R bps. Suppose that the 2 hosts are separated by m meters, and suppose the propagation speed s along the link is in meters/sec. Host A is to send a packet of size L bits to Host B.

->A.Express the propagation delay, dprop, in terms of m and s.

->B.Determine the transmission time of the packet, dtrans, in terms of L and R.

->C.Ignoring processing and queuing delays, obtain an expression for the end-to-end delay.

Now suppose that there are (2) WAN links separating hosts A and B using (3) routers. The first WAN links transmission rate is 2 Mbps; the second is 4 Mbps. The propagation speed s=2.5*108 m/sec. The distance of the first WAN link is 4000 Kilometers and the distance of the second WAN link is 600 Kilometers.

->D.Draw the network between A and B; include hosts A and B in your picture. Label each WAN link with its transmission rate.

->E.Compute the propagation delay for sending (1) 1400 byte packet from over the WAN from A to B. Show your answer in seconds out to at least 4 decimal places.