22. The -test statistic compares the observed sample counts to the expected counts from H₀. Explain how the expected counts are calculated.

23. Explain how the -test statistic is calculated from the observed and expected counts.

24. If the observed sample counts were significantly different from the expected counts, would the 2-test statistic be larger or small? Explain why.

2. If the proportions for a categorical variable from one group are almost the same as another group, what does that indicate about the relationship between that variable and the groups?