3. Consider the following pseudo-code in an imperative language:

int x = 1, n = 1;

function f () { int x = 3; 

 function g (int c,d) { c = c-1; 

 print(c,d,x,n); } /* end of g */ 

/* body of f */ g(x,x); 

} /* end of f */

function h () { int n = 2; 

 f(); } /* end of h */ 

main() { h();

}

a) What is the output, when call by value and static scoping is used?

b) What is the output when call by reference and dynamic scoping is used?