3 MGT230. Leadership and Organization Assignment 3 1. In Chapter 7 of Reframing Organizations, the authors discuss how to improve human resource management in organizations. One piece of advice they offer is \"reward well.\" They buttress this view by providing a quote from the successful CEO of Costco: \"If you pay the best wages, you get the highest productivity ...\" While it may seem self-evident that good pay yields good results, this view runs counter to what a number of significant thinkers believe. Click on the following links and read the short items they contain. Abraham Maslow, developer of the hierarchy of needs concept. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maslow's_hierarchy_of_needs Frederick Herzberg, author of The Motivation to Work and developer of the hygiene-motivator dichotomy. http://www.netmba.com/mgmt/ob/motivation/herzberg/ Alfie Kohn, author of Punished by Rewards. Click on https://webs.zdcms.com/cms/res/files/385/Punished-by-Rewards.pdf to download an excellent summary by Robert T Whipple of Alfie Kohn's book, Punished by Rewards. Read the entire summary (only six pages long), but focus your attention to Kohn's seven principles, which are summarized on pp 2-4. a. Common sense suggests that pay is a good motivator. The logic is: \"You get what you pay for.\" i. Provide examples of three different career tracks where people clearly are not focused on earning high pay. ii. For each of your examples, describe what the key motivators b. Which of Maslow's \"needs\" in his hierarchy of needs are most closely associated with the idea that \"Pay is a good motivator\"? which \"needs\" do not support this contention. Explain your answer. c. Herzberg's two-factor theory distinguishes between hygiene-factors and true motivators. Does the statement that 'Pay is a good motivator\" support the hygiene perspective or true motivator perspective. Explain your answer. d. In his well-known book, Punished by Rewards, Alfie Kohn makes it clear that tying rewards (including pay) to performance often does not lead to desired behaviors. i. Why does he believe this? Provide specific examples. ii. Kohn does not reject the view that rewards (including pay) can yield improved performance under certain circumstances? According to Kohn, when can rewards yield desired behavior? What's the problem with this approach? 2013 University of Management and Technology 1 Assignment 2 MGT230. Leadership and Organization Assignment 2. Structural Issues As described in Chapter 4 of Reframing Organizations, developed a five-sector \"logo\" in order to categorize how organizations can be structured. Five specific structural types are pictured: simple structure, machine bureaucracy, professional bureaucracy, divisionalized form, and adhocracy. 1. Explain the role of each of the five components of Mintzberg's \"logo\" (write your explanations using your own words - don't simply copy the descriptions verbatim from the text or other source): a. b. c. d. e. strategic apex (Type answer here, using blue font.) technostructure (Type answer here, using blue font.) support staff (Type answer here, using blue font.) middle line (Type answer here, using blue font.) operating core (Type answer here, using blue font.) Your answer to different components of this question should total about 1-2 pages, single spaced. Herbert Mintzberg establishes theory of the five basic parts of organization; the operating core, the strategic apex, the middle line, the technostructure, and the support staff. He divided organizations into different groups; at the top of the hierarchy is the strategic apex. Personnel that are below the strategic apex make up the middle line. The left of middle line is the technostructure. To the right side of middle line, is the support staff. The five basic parts of the organization has a responsibility, as follows: The strategic apex - chief officer or top-level managers, ensure the mission is executed. The technostructure - the analysts and supporting clerical staff, their mission is to produce coordination throughout standardization. The support staff - mail room, tool room, legal; they provide support to the organization outside of the operating work flow. The middle line - middle and lower-level management, operating core that performs several tasks as the result of direct supervision. The operating core - workers, who actually performs the basic work related directly to the production of products. 2. Bergmann Cleaners is probably the best established dry cleaning company in the Washington, DC area. It was founded in 1917. It currently employs 150 2013 University of Management and Technology 1 Assignment 2 MGT230. Leadership and Organization people, most of whom are involved with dry cleaning and laundry chores. It also uses a fleet of 20 vans to deliver laundry to its patrons. a. Which of Mintzberg's five structural types likely describes the Bergmann Cleaners structure? (i.e., simple, machine bureaucracy, divisionalized bureaucracy, professional bureaucracy, adhocracy.) Explain your rationale in detail. (Type answer here, using blue font.) b. Name two other companies from your community that employ the same structural type. (Type answer here, using blue font.) Your answer to the different components of this question should total about 12 pages long, single spaced. 3. ABC Co. is a 200-person company that specializes in conducting environmental impact analyses associated with the construction of Federal, state, and local government structures. Its sales group constantly monitors government announcements to see whether requests-for-proposals (RFP) will be issued, seeking contractors to bid on environmental impact assessments. When the sales group sees an interesting prospect, they review the RFP then assemble a team to write a proposal. Typically, the proposal must be written in a very short time frame. The proposal writing team is comprised of corporate employees who have have appropriate technical expertise, marketing/sales people, a business manager, and editor/writers who can put together a well-articulated proposal. Each year ABC Co. writes some 20-30 proposals in this fashion and wins 5-10 contracts. a. Which of Mintzberg's five structural types is the proposal writing team most likely to reflect? Explain your rationale in detail. (Type answer here, using blue font.) b. Give another example of where this structure is appropriate. (Type answer here, using blue font.) Your answer to the two components of this question should total about 1-2 pages, single spaced. 4. Chapter 5 in Reframing Organizations describes high performing teams a. What is a high performing team? How is it different from an average team? (Type answer here, using blue font.) b. What are the six distinguishing characteristics of a high performing team as discussed in the book? (Type answer here, using blue font.) c. Katzenbach and Smith - authors of The Wisdom of Teams and discussed in the book - point out that the true test of whether a team is good is tied to the extent to which it achieves its performance objectives. What do they mean by this? (Type answer here, using blue font.) 2013 University of Management and Technology 2 Assignment 2 MGT230. Leadership and Organization d. It seems that everyone strives to develop high performing teams, but in practice we encounter few such teams. Why do you think it is so difficult to develop high performing teams? (Type answer here, using blue font.) Your answer to the different components of this question should total about 12 pages, single spaced. 5. In Chapter 5, the authors of Reframing Organizations discuss an all-channel network. (Note: This design is similar to Helgesen's web of inclusion as described in the Bolman and Deal book.) a. When people try to get work done through wikis and other social networking techniques, they employ an all-channel network approach. Describe why this is so? (Type answer here, using blue font.) b. A significant problem with all channel networks is that when the number of participants grows beyond a critical mass, they cease to function effectively. Why is this so? (Type answer here, using blue font.) Your answer to the two components of this question should total about 1 page in length, single spaced. 2013 University of Management and Technology 3 Assignment 4 MGT230. Leadership and Organization Assignment 4 An important challenge in managing organizations is managing change (see Module 5). a. List at least five distinct reasons why people resist change. Explain the nature and implication of each reason (one paragraph per reason). (Type answer here, using blue font.) b. What is change control? What does it focus on? (Type answer here, using blue font. Your answer should be about 1 page long, single spaced.) c. When building complex systems, it is important to establish configuration management processes. I.What is configuration management? II.How does it help us control change? III.What is the role of the change control board? (In addition to looking at the configuration management material in Module 5, you may want to use outside references to augment the course text when answering the following.) (Type answer here, using blue font. Your answer to the different components of the question should total about 1-2 pages, single spaced.) 2013 University of Management and Technology 1 Assignment 5 MGT230. Leadership and Organization Assignment 5 Much has been made of the differences between transactional vs. transformational leadership (see Module 6) a. In what ways are transactional and transformational leaders different? (Type answer here, using blue font. Your answer should be between and 1 page long, single spaced.) b. During his shortened presidency, was President John Kennedy more of a transactional or transformational leader? Use at least two examples (with proper cites) of his successes and/or failures to support your answer. If you feel you do not know enough about President Kennedy's presidency, use the Internet to get up to speed. (Type answer here, using blue font. Your answer should be to 1 page long, single spaced.) c. Which of the two forms of leadership is more strongly rooted in the values of the leader: transactional or transformational leadership? (Type your answer here, using blue font. Your answer should be to 1 page long, single spaced.) 2013 University of Management and Technology 1 Assignment 6 MGT230. Leadership and Organization Assignment 6 One of the most important ideas that we pursue in modern management practice is the idea of worker empowerment? (see Module 8) a. What is worker empowerment? (Type answer here, using blue font. Your answer should be -1 page long, single spaced.) b. Why is worker empowerment viewed to be an important management practice today? (Type answer here, using blue font. Your answer should be - 1 page long, single spaced.) c. Explain how micro-management is the antithesis of worker empowerment. (Type your answer here, using blue font. Your answer should be - 1 page long, single spaced.) d. Explain how MBO, participative management, and quality circles are empowerment tools. (Type your answer here, using blue font. Your answer should be - 1 page long, single spaced.) 2008 University of Management and Technology 1 Assignment 2 MGT230. Leadership and Organization Assignment 2. Structural Issues As described in Chapter 4 of Reframing Organizations, developed a five-sector \"logo\" in order to categorize how organizations can be structured. Five specific structural types are pictured: simple structure, machine bureaucracy, professional bureaucracy, divisionalized form, and adhocracy. 1. Explain the role of each of the five components of Mintzberg's \"logo\" (write your explanations using your own words - don't simply copy the descriptions verbatim from the text or other source): a. b. c. d. e. strategic apex (Type answer here, using blue font.) technostructure (Type answer here, using blue font.) support staff (Type answer here, using blue font.) middle line (Type answer here, using blue font.) operating core (Type answer here, using blue font.) Your answer to different components of this question should total about 1-2 pages, single spaced. Herbert Mintzberg establishes theory of the five basic parts of organization; the operating core, the strategic apex, the middle line, the technostructure, and the support staff. He divided organizations into different groups; at the top of the hierarchy is the strategic apex. Personnel that are below the strategic apex make up the middle line. The left of middle line is the technostructure. To the right side of middle line, is the support staff. The five basic parts of the organization has a responsibility, as follows: The strategic apex - chief officer or top-level managers, ensure the mission is executed. The technostructure - the analysts and supporting clerical staff, their mission is to produce coordination throughout standardization. The support staff - mail room, tool room, legal; they provide support to the organization outside of the operating work flow. The middle line - middle and lower-level management, operating core that performs several tasks as the result of direct supervision. The operating core - workers, who actually performs the basic work related directly to the production of products. 2. Bergmann Cleaners is probably the best established dry cleaning company in the Washington, DC area. It was founded in 1917. It currently employs 150 2013 University of Management and Technology 1 Assignment 2 MGT230. Leadership and Organization people, most of whom are involved with dry cleaning and laundry chores. It also uses a fleet of 20 vans to deliver laundry to its patrons. a. Which of Mintzberg's five structural types likely describes the Bergmann Cleaners structure? (i.e., simple, machine bureaucracy, divisionalized bureaucracy, professional bureaucracy, adhocracy.) Explain your rationale in detail. (Type answer here, using blue font.) b. Name two other companies from your community that employ the same structural type. (Type answer here, using blue font.) Your answer to the different components of this question should total about 12 pages long, single spaced. 3. ABC Co. is a 200-person company that specializes in conducting environmental impact analyses associated with the construction of Federal, state, and local government structures. Its sales group constantly monitors government announcements to see whether requests-for-proposals (RFP) will be issued, seeking contractors to bid on environmental impact assessments. When the sales group sees an interesting prospect, they review the RFP then assemble a team to write a proposal. Typically, the proposal must be written in a very short time frame. The proposal writing team is comprised of corporate employees who have have appropriate technical expertise, marketing/sales people, a business manager, and editor/writers who can put together a well-articulated proposal. Each year ABC Co. writes some 20-30 proposals in this fashion and wins 5-10 contracts. a. Which of Mintzberg's five structural types is the proposal writing team most likely to reflect? Explain your rationale in detail. (Type answer here, using blue font.) b. Give another example of where this structure is appropriate. (Type answer here, using blue font.) Your answer to the two components of this question should total about 1-2 pages, single spaced. 4. Chapter 5 in Reframing Organizations describes high performing teams a. What is a high performing team? How is it different from an average team? (Type answer here, using blue font.) b. What are the six distinguishing characteristics of a high performing team as discussed in the book? (Type answer here, using blue font.) c. Katzenbach and Smith - authors of The Wisdom of Teams and discussed in the book - point out that the true test of whether a team is good is tied to the extent to which it achieves its performance objectives. What do they mean by this? (Type answer here, using blue font.) 2013 University of Management and Technology 2 Assignment 2 MGT230. Leadership and Organization d. It seems that everyone strives to develop high performing teams, but in practice we encounter few such teams. Why do you think it is so difficult to develop high performing teams? (Type answer here, using blue font.) Your answer to the different components of this question should total about 12 pages, single spaced. 5. In Chapter 5, the authors of Reframing Organizations discuss an all-channel network. (Note: This design is similar to Helgesen's web of inclusion as described in the Bolman and Deal book.) a. When people try to get work done through wikis and other social networking techniques, they employ an all-channel network approach. Describe why this is so? (Type answer here, using blue font.) b. A significant problem with all channel networks is that when the number of participants grows beyond a critical mass, they cease to function effectively. Why is this so? (Type answer here, using blue font.) Your answer to the two components of this question should total about 1 page in length, single spaced. 2013 University of Management and Technology 3 Assignment 4 MGT230. Leadership and Organization Assignment 4 An important challenge in managing organizations is managing change (see Module 5). a. List at least five distinct reasons why people resist change. Explain the nature and implication of each reason (one paragraph per reason). (Type answer here, using blue font.) b. What is change control? What does it focus on? (Type answer here, using blue font. Your answer should be about 1 page long, single spaced.) c. When building complex systems, it is important to establish configuration management processes. I.What is configuration management? II.How does it help us control change? III.What is the role of the change control board? (In addition to looking at the configuration management material in Module 5, you may want to use outside references to augment the course text when answering the following.) (Type answer here, using blue font. Your answer to the different components of the question should total about 1-2 pages, single spaced.) 2013 University of Management and Technology 1 Assignment 5 MGT230. Leadership and Organization Assignment 5 Much has been made of the differences between transactional vs. transformational leadership (see Module 6) a. In what ways are transactional and transformational leaders different? (Type answer here, using blue font. Your answer should be between and 1 page long, single spaced.) b. During his shortened presidency, was President John Kennedy more of a transactional or transformational leader? Use at least two examples (with proper cites) of his successes and/or failures to support your answer. If you feel you do not know enough about President Kennedy's presidency, use the Internet to get up to speed. (Type answer here, using blue font. Your answer should be to 1 page long, single spaced.) c. Which of the two forms of leadership is more strongly rooted in the values of the leader: transactional or transformational leadership? (Type your answer here, using blue font. Your answer should be to 1 page long, single spaced.) 2013 University of Management and Technology 1 Assignment 6 MGT230. Leadership and Organization Assignment 6 One of the most important ideas that we pursue in modern management practice is the idea of worker empowerment? (see Module 8) a. What is worker empowerment? (Type answer here, using blue font. Your answer should be -1 page long, single spaced.) b. Why is worker empowerment viewed to be an important management practice today? (Type answer here, using blue font. Your answer should be - 1 page long, single spaced.) c. Explain how micro-management is the antithesis of worker empowerment. (Type your answer here, using blue font. Your answer should be - 1 page long, single spaced.) d. Explain how MBO, participative management, and quality circles are empowerment tools. (Type your answer here, using blue font. Your answer should be - 1 page long, single spaced.) 2008 University of Management and Technology 1