3. (TCO 5) From the corporate financial officer's viewpoint, which of the following is a reason for not calling a bond for redemption when the conversion value is above the par value? (Points : 4) Calling the bond may encourage everyone to take the stock rather than the par value in cash. The after-tax cost of the dividends on the new shares might be higher than the after-tax cost of the interest expense on the existing convertible bond. The chief financial officer might want to wait until interest rates decline before calling the bond. The number of new shares on the market will cause the diluted earnings per share to decline. 4. (TCO 5) Which of the following is NOT an advantage of listed options markets over the previous method of over-the-counter trading? (Points : 4) Direct contact between buyers and sellers of options Standardized contract periods and exercise price More certainty and more efficient trading strategies All of the above are advantages