3. Toxicants are typically introduced into the environment through human activity. (a) Categorise the TWO (2) main sources of environmental odours. (b) Explain THREE (3) preventive measures to prevent smog from damaging the human body. (c) Outline the FIVE (5) methods to avoid the exposure of toxicants to the human body in the agriculture industry. (4) (6) (10) (Total / Jumlah: 20) I. Based on the article's headline, toxicologist agrees with the need for a critical review of the current occupational exposure limit (OEL) in the industry settings to protect workers in the pharmaceutical industry. Received: 12 March 2021 | Revised: 26 June 2021 | Accepted: 26 June 2021 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4218 REVIEW ARTICLE Journal of Applied Toxicology WILEY Approaches for setting occupational exposure limits in the pharmaceutical industry Varun Ahuja | Mohan Krishnappa Safety Assessment Department, Syngene International Limited, Bangalore, India Correspondence Varun Ahuja, PhD, DABT, ERT, Lead Toxicologist, Safety Assessment Department, Syngene International Limited, Biocon Park, SEZ, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560099, India. Email: varunahuja@syngeneintl.com. Abstract The use of pharmaceutical drugs has provided a cure for many diseases. However, unintended exposure to drugs in the manufacturing workplace can cause significant health hazards to workers. It is important to protect the workforce from these delete- rious effects by limiting exposure to an acceptable level, the occupational exposure limit (OEL). OEL is defined as airborne concentrations (expressed as a time-weighted average for a conventional 8-h workday and a 40-h work week) of a substance to which nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed (for a working lifetime) without (a) Identify THREE (3) possible biological or chemical hazards exposed to the workers in the pharmaceutical manufacturers. (6) (b) Describe TWO (2) main challenges in setting a new airborne concentration of a substance for the workers in the pharmaceutical manufacturers. (4) (c) Explain the role of OSHA 1994 in supporting the management of biological or chemicals in pharmaceutical manufacturers. (10) 0 ||| =