31 .The categorical imperative requires us to:

		do what is in accord with divine will.
		maximize pleasure and minimize pain for the greatest number.
		never treat a person as a means.
		do what is in our own best interests.
		act according to the rule that is fit to become a universal law of reason.

32.Which of the following describes Kant's practical imperative, also called the second formulation of the categorical imperative?

		Do what God commands.
		Do not use people merely as a means.
		Practice a good will.
		Cultivate goodness in your heart.
		Be kind to all beings.

33.You were up late last night helping a friend who is depressed. As a result you didnt have enough time to study for your ethics test today. You are a good student and plan to go on to medical school next year and, after that, work in an inner-city clinic. You need to pass ethics in order to graduate. When you look at the test you realize you will not be able to pass it. However, you can see the answers of the student sitting in front of you, and she is one of the best students in the class. As you debate whether or not you should copy her answers, you hear Kant's voice telling you:

		not to copy the test answers because it is against the schools rules.
		that, even though you have a general duty not to cheat, it is acceptable to do so in this instance because your lack of preparation stems from your good will and a desire to help a friend in need.
		not to copy the test answers because it is dishonest, undignified, and does not cultivate your talents.
		to copy her answers, but only if you are pretty sure you wont get caught. After all, if you graduate and become a physician, youll benefit far more people than you will if you fail the course.
		you should cheat because there is nothing wrong with treating your classmate as a means to your ends.

34.The Principle of Utility (or The Greatest Happiness Principle):

		takes into account the interests of everyone affected by the action (relevant parties).
		assesses actions solely on the basis of their consequences.
		focuses on the amount of pleasure and pain that is produced by an action.
		endorses the action that will produce the best overall balance of happiness to unhappiness for all relevant parties.
		Each of the other responses is a component of the Principle of Utility (The Greatest Happiness Principle).

35. Which of the following best expresses utilitarianism?

		We should do whatever feels right, since morality is all just a bunch of opinions, anyway.
		We should do the things God commands us to do and avoid the things God forbids us from doing.
		We should treat other people in a dignified manner and allow them to exercise their autonomy as they see fit. However, we should also hold them accountable for the decisions they make by rewarding and punishing them for those decisions.
		We should follow the rules that are mutually beneficial because it is both reasonable and in our interest to do so.
		We should do those things that will produce the greatest good for the greatest number.

36.In the current debate over the morality of taxing fattening foods, a utilitarian would most likely:

		oppose a tax on any substance, including drugs, fattening foods and alcohol, since they bring pleasure to the people who use them.
		support the tax if it can be shown that it significantly reduces the incidence of obesity and its related medical costs.
		ignore the problem and let them eat cake.
		support a tax on people with a BMI over 30, since in our culture obesity is regarded as unattractive.
		oppose the tax since people can be counted on to behave rationally and modify their eating habits on their own.

37.Which of the following statements best reflects a utilitarian position?

		Since animals lack the capacity to reason, we don't need to worry about how our actions affect them.
		How we treat animals will depend solely upon the kind of relationship we have with them. Thus, our treatment of pets, livestock, and wild animals will vary considerably.
		As long as it doesn't affect me, I don't care what happens to animals. Or to other people, for that matter. I only care when they do something for me or they try to do something to me. That's when it matters.
		If an animal can suffer, we must take its interests into account whenever our actions affect it.
		God put animals on this world for us to use as we see fit, but it would be disrespectful to God to waste this precious gift. Therefore, we need to use our animal resources wisely.

38.Which of the following is not a criticism of utilitarianism?

		Utilitarianism is based upon the assumption that happiness is the only thing that matters from a moral point of view, but other things also matter, such as the rights of individuals or the kind of person you are.
		Utilitarianism has tunnel vision because it focuses exclusively on the intent of one's actions and completely ignores the consequences of the actions. However, those consequences do matter.
		Utilitarianism does not acknowledge the rights of the individual; therefore, it can result in those rights being violated.
		Utilitarianism focuses on the overall good; therefore, it can result in individual injustices, especially when it sacrifices individuals against their will in order to achieve that overall good.
		Utilitarianism is like weather forecasting for morality. Meteorologists make predictions about what the weather will be like in the future, but those predictions become more uncertain the further they go into that future. As such, the forecasters may have a very good idea about what today's weather will be like, a fairly good idea of what the weather will be like for the next few days, but once they get beyond that, it becomes far more uncertain. Utilitarians likewise might be very good at predicting the immediate consequences of one's actions and fairly good at predicting the short-term consequences, but when it comes to the long-term consequences, there is a great deal of uncertainty. Since utilitarianism justifies actions on the basis of their consequences, and since we can only know what those consequences are after they have occurred, this uncertainty poses a serious problem for this theory.

39.John Stuart Mill and other utilitarians would most likely argue that the confinement raising of chickens for food (factory farms) is:

		morally acceptable because chickens do not have the capacity to reason.
		not morally acceptable because chickens have intrinsic moral worth, and therefore, they have a right not to be treated in such a way.
		morally acceptable because chickens are tasty.
		morally acceptable because the majority of people approve of it.
		not morally acceptable because the chickens experience a great deal of pain.

This question is for Ethics but you guys don't have it as subject. So I make notied here Thank you

40. Which of the following arguments might a utilitarian use to support or oppose capital punishment?

		Capital punishment should not be legal because it is costly and has no deterrent effect on crime.
		Capital punishment should not be legal because all humans have intrinsic moral value.
		Capital punishment should be legalized because it is the only appropriate punishment for the crime of murder.
		Capital punishment should be legalized because the majority of people in the United States favor the death penalty.
		None of the other options are correct.