33 Bureaucracy ________. 1. hinders a company's ability to compete in the marketplace against other organizations for scarce resources 2. separates the position from the person 3. increases transaction costs 4. hinders integration within the organization Question 34 Managers of a flat organization possess relatively less authority and responsibility than those of a tall organization. A. True B. False Question 35 Role ________ occurs when a person's tasks or authority are not clearly defined and the person becomes afraid to act on or take authority for anything. A. conflict B. struggle C. divergence D. ambiguity Question 36 Joe, an accountant, works for Jack and Judy. Jack told Joe to use the straight- line method for calculating depreciation, and Judy told Joe to use the double-declining- balance method to compute depreciation. Joe is experiencing a role ________. A. conflict B. divergence C. contravention D. ambiguity Question 37 Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of a bureaucratic structure? A. role conflict B. stagnation C. roleambiguity D. lack of standard operating procedures Question 38 Which of the following is the most direct effect of decentralization? 1. the time required to make decisions increases 2. the specific environment of the organization gets stabilized 3. the flexibility of the organization decreases 4. the monitoring burden on top managers is reduced Question 39 ________ is the process of giving employees throughout the organization the authority to make important decisions and to be responsible for their outcomes. 1. Empowerment 2. Reciprocal logrolling 3. Operant conditioning 4. Value engineering Question 40 ________ teams are work groups consisting of people from different work areas who are empowered to direct and coordinate different projects. A. Cross-functional B. Contingent C. Transactional D. Transitory Question 41 An increase in the horizontal differentiation leads to an increase in the vertical differentiation. A. True B. False Question 42 "Gatekeepers" have power stemming from ________. 1. expertise 2. control over information 3. authority 4. nonsubstitutability Question 43 A manager obtains an assignment that brings him into contact with many managers and many functions so that he can obtain information that can be used to make him and his function non-substitutable. Which of the following political tactics is being used by this manager? A. using unobtrusive power B. creatingacoalition C. increasingcentrality D. controlling the agenda Question 44 A staff function is directly involved in the production of the organization's products. A. True B. False Question 45 At which of the following stages of Pondy's organizational conflict model there exists no outright conflict? 1. manifest conflict 2. feltconflict 3. latent conflict 4. perceived conflict Question 46 According to Thompson's model of technology, which of the following types of task interdependence among subunits is most likely to lead to a conflict? 1. sequential task interdependence 2. associative task interdependence 3. pooled task interdependence 4. reciprocal task interdependence Question 47 Manager A supports Manager B on an issue of interest to B in return for B supporting A an issue of interest to A. These managers are ________. 1. decreasingnon-substitutability 2. attempting to obtain referent power 3. creatingacoalition 4. creating a situation that is most likely to result in conflict Question 48 The power possessed by a set of managers who form a "partnership" and use their combined power secretively to influence the decision-making process in ways that favour their interests is called ________ power. A. unobtrusive B. referent C. expert D. non-substitutable Question 49 Which of the following statements about authority is true? 1. When authority is centralized, there is generally more scope for people to engage in behaviours aimed at gaining power. 2. Once the authority is decentralized to a subordinate by a manager, then the manager does not bear the consequences of the subordinate's failure. 3. When authority is centralized in an organization, employees take more responsibilities and are more likely to initiate new actions. 4. Decentralizing authority to a subordinate does not necessarily reduce a manager's authority. Question 50 When task interdependence is high, conflict is likely to occur. A. True B. False Question 51 An advantage of an institutionalized role orientation is ________. A. innovation B. flexibility C. standardization D. an ethical culture Question 52 One manufacturing company in the aluminium industry has an innovative culture, and a competitor from the same country has a conservative culture. What could account for this difference in organizational culture? 1. Organizational structure 2. Societal ethics 3. Stance on social responsibility 4. Role orientation Question 53 The characteristic way in which newcomers respond to a situation is called ________. A. organizational culture B. roleorientation C. socialization D. investiture Question 54 The distribution of property rights influences ________. 1. instrumental values 2. societal ethics 3. socialization tactics 4. social responsibility Question 55 Which of the following is an organization's moral obligation to stakeholder groups? 1. Terminal values 2. Social responsibility 3. Professional ethics 4. Societal ethics Question 56 ________ is the process by which members learn and internalize the values and norms of an organization's culture. A. Centralization B. Differentiation C. Socialization D. Instrumental values Question 57 ________ are/is the moral values, beliefs, and rules that establish the appropriate way for organizational stakeholders to deal with one another and with the organization's environment. 1. Organizational ethics 2. Norms 3. Terminal values 4. Organizational behaviour Question 58 Whistle-blowing is informing an outside agency or the media about a company's illegal or immoral activities. A. True B. False Question 59 Which of the following allows new organizational members to try new norms and values? 1. An individualized role orientation 2. A narrow stance on social responsibility 3. An institutionalized role orientation 4. Socialization Question 60 Interacting with individuals and groups outside the organization to obtain valuable information and knowledge from the environment is known as a ________ activity. 1. reciprocal logrolling 2. boundary-spanning 3. business process reengineering 4. vale engineering