(3rd upload of the same question due to errors)

Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) named the two different kinds of charge mustapeand negativ. By convention, when you rub a balloon across your hair, the charge on your hair is referred to as positive and that on the balloon is referred to as nowloss, as shown in Figure 2. Positive and negathe charges are said to be apposite because an object with an equal amount of positive and negative charge has no net charge. Electrostatic spray painting utilizes the principle of attraction between unlike charges. Paint droplets are given a negative charge, and the object to be painted is given a positive charge. In ordinary spray painting, many paint droplets drift past the object being painted. But in electrostatic spray painting. the negatively charged paint droplets are attracted to the positively charged 4hk target object, so more of the paint droplets hit the object being painted and less paint is wasted. Electric charge is conserved When you rub a balloon across your hair, how do the balloon and your hair become electrically charged? To answer this question, you'll need to know a little about the atoms that make up the matter around you. Every atom con- tains even smaller particles. Positively charged particles, called protons, and uncharged particles, called neutrons, are located in the center of the atom, called the nodeus Negatively charged particles, known as dectrows are located (a) This negatively charged balloon outside the nudeus and move around it. (You will study the structure of the is attracted to positively charged alum and the particles within the atom in greater detail in later chapters on hair because the two have opposite atomic and subatomic physics in this book.) charges. (bj Two negatively charged balloons repel one another because Protons and neutrons are relatively lised in the nucleus of the abu, but they have the same durge electrons are easily transferred from one atom to another. When the electrons in an atom are balanced by an equal muruber of protons, the atoms has no net charge. If an electron is transferred from one neutral atom to another, the sec- end alou gains a negative charge and tie find atom loses a negative charge. thereby becoming positive. Atoms that are positively or negatively charged are called ions Both a balloon and your hair contain a very large number of neutral atoms. Charge has a natural tendency to be transferred between unlike materials. Rubbing the two materials together serves to increase the arca of contact and thus enhance the charge-transfer process. When a balloon is robbed against your hair, some of your hair's electrons are transferred to the balloon. Thus, Did you know? the balloon gains a certain amount of negative charge while your hair loses an Some comedde products contain an equal amount of negative charge and hence is left with a positive charge. In organic compound called chitin, this and similar experiments, only a small portion of the total available charge which is found In crabs and lobsters. is transferred from one object to another. and In butterilles and other Insects. The positive charge on your hair is equal in magnitude to the negative Chitin is posttheely charged, so it charge on the balloon. Electric charge is conserved in this process no charge is helps cosmetic products sick to created or destroyed. This principle of conservation of charge is one of the human hair and skin, which are usu- ally shandy negatively charged. landamental laws of nature. Electric Forces and Fields