4. After running for a long distance available oxygen in muscle is consumed. To produce energy under normal conditions (aerobic) glucose and O2 react according to the equation,

C6H12O6 (s) + 6 O2 (g) => 6CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l) Reaction 1

When deprived of O2, lactic acid is produced from glucose (glycolysis). The oxidation of lactic acid proceeds according to the equation,

CH3CH(OH)COOH (s) + 3O2 (g) => 3CO2 (g) + 3H2O (l) Reaction 2

a. Based on the two reactions above, calculate the standard enthalpy (rH o ) for the glycolysis of glucose to lactic acid,

C6H12O6 (s) => 2CH3CH(OH)COOH (s) Reaction 3

b. What is the entropy change associated with Reaction 2?

c. Using the change in Gibbs free energy as a guide, is Reaction 3 spontaneous or not? Quantitatively support your answer.