4. For each of the five research situations below, specify the 1) appropriate statistical analysis; 2) the research design (between, within subjects, or N/A) 3) DV; 4) IV (or IVs if two-way ANOVA) 5) levels of each IV [25 points; 5 points each and 1 points for each component].

a. A psychologist studied the effects of three different reinforcement schedules on gambling behaviors in men. Each participant was randomized to only one schedule and the number of times that desired behaviors were performed was recorded for each participant.

b. A teacher wanted to know if children would learn concepts better with positive examples alone or with both positive and negative examples. Children were randomly assigned to one of the learning conditions, and their scores on a concept formation task were recorded.

c. A researcher wanted to know if growth mindsets - teaching children their mind is like a muscle - would increase intelligence. The research used a common measure of intelligence, on which we know the mean is 100 and a standard deviation is 15. The sample of children scored 105 on the intelligence test after training in growth mindsets.

d. An environmental psychologist wanted to know the relation between milligrams of caffeine consumed in the morning and number of driving errors while going to work.

e. A social psychologist was interested in the relation between signing up as an organ donor on your drivers license (donor vs. not a donor) and whether or not people engaged in physical exercise.