4. Jane is critical of this study: "They measured internet speed only on mobile networks, but most people use the internet from cable/dsl networks.". What category of criticism does this best fall under? A. Reliability b. Validity c. Confound

5. For internet speed, what scale of measurement is most likely? Nominal b. Ordinal c. Interval d. Ratio

If you have extra cash, what's the most effective way to to use it to increase your happiness? Some say "treat yourself to something nice" whereas others might suggest "Give to others". To find out which advice is correct, researchers gave participants $50 each. For half of the participants, they were told the $50 was to spend on themselves in any way they'd like. For the other half of the participants, they were told to spend the $50 on a friend or loved one. The next day, all participants returned and rated their happiness on a 1-10 scale. The researchers found that those who had spent the money on others were happier than those who had spent the money on themselves. [Dunn, E. W., Aknin, L. B., & Norton, M. I. (2008). Spending money on others promotes happiness. Science (New York, N.Y.), 319(5870), 1687-8. http://doi.org/10.1126/science.1150952]

6. What type of research is this? a. experimental b. non-experimental

9. The researchers also asked participant's happiness a second time, two days after the money was spent. They found that happiness levels were not very consistent. What issue does this raise about the happiness measure? (btw - this didn't happen in the real study) A. Reliability b. Validity c. Confound