4. Measuring standalone risk using realized data

Returns earned over a given time period are called realized returns. Historical data on realized returns is often used to estimate future results. Analysts across companies use realized stock returns to estimate the risk of a stock. Five years of realized returns for Celestial Crane Cosmetics Inc. (Crane Cosmetics) are given in the following table: 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Stock return 6.25% 4.25% 7.50% 10.50% 3.25% Also note that: 1. While Crane Cosmetics was started 40 years ago, its common stock has been publicly traded for the past 25 years. 2. The returns on Crane Cosmetics's equity are calculated as arithmetic returns. Given this return data, the average realized return on Celestial Crane Cosmetics Inc.'s stock is of Crane Cosmetics's historical returns. Based on this conclusion, the standard deviation of The preceding data series represents Crane Cosmetics's historical returns is If investors expect the average realized return on Celestial Crane Cosmetics Inc.'s stock from 2012 to 2016 to continue into the future, its expected coefficient of variation (CV) is expected to equal