$4.$ Please add comments in the program detailing your solution for each problem. Your

comments should contain a very brief $($maximum $4$ lines$)$ description of each solution.

$5.$ All programs will be tested for completeness on three different test cases.

$6.$ Unless otherwise specified please do not use pre$-$defined libraries or functions.

Write a program that explores the concepts of inheritance and polymorphism to represent

different types of cars in JAVA. Instead of creating a class for each type of car, we will try to

capture the inherent relationships among them to create custom, flexible representations using

object$-$oriented programming principles.

In this assignment, you will create five classes $-$ a base class, three child classes and a tester

class.

Part $1$: Base class

The base class will be a Vehicle class that captures some relationships that are common to

all cars such as

$1.$ Make $($String$)$

$2.$ Model $($String$)$

$3.$ Year $($int$)$

$4.$ License Plate Number $($String$)$

$5.$ Miles Driven $($int$)$

Therefore, each car can be represented as a base class Vehicle that contains these

attributes. Create a base class that has the above attributes. We will have $2$ constructors, a $0-$

parameter constructor $($all instance data are initialized to unknown or $0)$ and one which

receives a parameter for each instance data and assigns them all appropriately.

Part $2$: Child Classes

Cars can be powered using gas, electricity, or both! You should create three child classes that

extend the Vehicle class to denote each type of car. The GasCar class will have $2$ instance

variables: tank capacity $($float$)$ and fuel type $($String$)$ to denote gas vs diesel, the

ElectricCar class will have $1$ instance variable: battery capacity $($float$)$ and the

HybridCar class will have $3$ instance variables: battery capacity $($float$),$ tank capacity $($float$)$

and fuel type $($String$).$ Similar to the base class, using function overloading, create $2$

constructors.

Part $3$: Polymorphism

Implement a function getFuelEfficiency that computes the fuel efficiency of each car.

The function should take in $1$ parameter: new$\_$miles. For the GasCar class, it should return

the miles per gallon $($MPG$)$ computed as $=.$

$$

For the ElectricCar class, it should return the miles per gallon equivalent $($MPGe$)$

computed as $=1.$ You can set cost of $1$ kWh $=$ $$2.$

$$

For hybrid, you should return $=+.$ Finally, it should add the parameter

$2$

newMiles to the attribute Miles Driven.

Part $4$: Tester class

Create a tester class with a main function that creates an instance of each child class and

computes fuel efficiency of each instance. You should verify your implementation by creating

instances using the two different constructors. Also verify your implementation of the

getFuelEfficiency function for each instance.