4. Refer to Figure 15.1 (page 332). a) Use the nine factors affecting income to explain why the occupations in this list com- mand the incomes that they do. Are these differences in income justified? b) For all occupations, women earn, on average, 70 per cent of what men earn. Which factors affecting income would help explain this dif- ference? Is a 29 per cent income difference between men and women totally justifiable? What do these data suggest about gender equity in Canada? After-tax income (%) 50 40 30 20 10 0 4.4% 10.0% 16.1% First Second Third quintile 24.3% 45.3% quintile quintile quintile quintile Fourth Fifth Quintile of family households Source: Excerpts from the Statistics Canada publication, Income in Canada, Catalogue 75-202, 2000. Figure 15.2 Shares of Canadians' after-tax income in 1999. How does this distribution pattern help shed light on the issue presented in the editorial cartoon on page 330?