4. The Middle Group Once you standardize a categorical syllogism and formalize it, there are some straightforward methods you can use to determine whether the argument is valid. Some of these methods require you to identify the middle group of the syllogism. Recall that a categorical syllogism involves predsely three groups. A categorical syllogism also consists of precisely three standard-form categorical statements (two premises and a conclusion), but each of the three groups appears in only two of these three statements. This means that one of the three groups does not appear in the conclusion statement but does appear in both of the premises. The group that appears in the premises but does not appear in the conclusion of a categorical syllogism is called the group. Identify the middle group in the following standard-form categorical syllogisms. Categorical Syllogism A (1) All strong arguments are not weak arguments. (2) All cogent arguments are strong arguments. Therefore, (3) All cogent arguments are not weak arguments. In categorical syllogism A, is the middle group. "cogent arguments" "weak arguments" Categori (1) All weak argumen "strong arguments ments. (2) All cogent argume "arguments" ints. Therefore, In categorical syllogism A, is the middle group. Categorical Syllogism B (1) All weak arguments are not strong arguments. (2) All cogent arguments are strong arguments. Therefore, (3) All cogent arguments are not weak arguments. In categorical syllogism B, is the middle group. Categorical Syllogism C (1) All cogent arguments are strong arguments. (2) All strong arguments are not weak arguments. Therefore, (3) All weak arguments are not cogent arguments. In categorical syllogism C, is the middle group. Categorical Syllogism D (1) All cattle are not animals found on Old MacDonald's farm. (2) All animals found on Old MacDonald's farm are poultry. Therefore, (3) Some poultry are not cattle. In categorical syllogism D, is the middle gr