41. According to Smith's A Wealth of Nations "it is not from [what] of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker, that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their [what]. We address ourselves not to their [what] but to their self- love, and never talk to them of our own [what] but of their advantages. Nobody but a beggar chuses to depend chiefly upon the benevolence of his fellow-citizens. Even a beggar does not depend upon it entirely?" A. The humanity; vocation; necessity; wants B. The benevolence; own interest; humanity; necessities C. The malevolente; craft; humanity; niceties D. The curiosity; benevolence; humanity; desires E. The benevolence; humanity; necessity; loves 42. According to Smith's A Wealth of Nations "but man has almost constant occasion for the help of his brethren, and it is in vain for him to expect it from their [what] only. He will be more likely to prevail if he can interest their [what] in his favour, and show them that it is for their own [what] to do for him what he requires of them?" A. Humanity; self-love; advantage B. Self-love; humanity; advantage C. Malevolente; self-love; advantage D. Benevolence; self-love; advantage E. Curosity; humanity; advantage JOHN LOCKE - READINGS AND MAIN POINTS 43. According to Locke which of the following concepts do not apply to "Man?" A. Tabula Rasa B. Innate Ideas C. Empirical Knowledge D. Reason E. Perception 44. According to Locke which of the following is one of his "Three Main Reasons" for rejecting innate ideas? A. Empirical information gives you data B. Reason and Reflection are human tools C. Children and Idiots seem to possess them D. Children and Idiots do not seem to possess them E. God is the only basis for all reason and thought45. According to Locke's A Third Letter of Toleration he poses "The question is, whether the magistrate has any power to interpose force in matters of religion, or for the salvation of souls?" What is untrue as a portion of his reply? A. [The end of a commonwealth] could be nothing but protection from such injuries from other men B. For force from a stronger hand to bring a man to a religion, which another thinks the true, being an injury which in the state of nature every one would avoid; protection from such injury is one of the ends of a commonwealth, and so every man has a right to toleration C. They could propose to themselves no other thing but this [protection from injuries] in quitting their natural liberty, and putting themselves under the umpirage of a civil sovereign, who therefore had the force of all the members of the commonwealth put into his hands, to make his decrees to this end be obeyed D. The punishing any opinion in religion, or ways of worship by the force given the magistrate, could be intended by those who constituted or entered into the commonwealth E. The end of a commonwealth constituted can be supposed no other, than what men in the constitution of, and entering into it, proposed 46. According to Locke's Second Treatise on Civil Government he questions "If man in the state of nature be so free, as has been said; if he be absolute lord of his own person and possessions, equal to the greatest, and subject to no body, why will he part with his freedom?" A. Philosophy B. Justice C. Religious beliefs D. Property E. Injustice 47. According to Locke's Second Treatise on Chil Government "the natural liberty of man" is to be all but what? A. Not be under the will of [another] man B. In society is under no other law except those established by consent within the commonwealth C. To not have the law of nature for his rule D. Free from any superior power on earth E. Not be under the legislative authority of man 48. According to Locke's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding he states "I imagine, it will scarce seem possible, that God should engrave principles in men's minds, in words of uncertain signification, such as virtues and sins, which, amongst different men, stand for different things: nay, it cannot be supposed to be in words at all; which, being in most of these principles very general names, cannot be understood, but by knowing the particulars comprehended under them... When it shall be made out, that men ignorant of words, or untaught by the laws and customs of their country. know that it is part of the worship of God, not to..." do all but what? A. To procure abortion B. Not to know more women than one C. Not to expose their children D. Not to take from another what is his E. Not to kill another man JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES - THE END OF LAISSEZ-FAIRE 49. According to Keynes' The End of Laissez-Faire he states "I propose a return... towards [what ]?" A. Renaissance conceptions of guild economies B. 18th century conceptions of Laissez-Faire economies C. Medieval conceptions of separate autonomics D. Enlightenment conceptions of conjoined societies E. 19th century conceptions of Utilitarian societies 50. According to Keynes' The End of Laissez-Faire who stated "to govern better, one must govern less?" A. Jeremy Bentham B. The Marquis d'Argenson C. William Palcy D. Charles Darwin E. Diogenes36. According to Marx within the Communist Manifesto "on what foundation is the present family, the bourgeois family, based?" A. Love B. Security C. Labour D. Cost obligations E. On private gain 37. According to Marx what is the one commodity over which the Proletariat has control? A. Commerce B. Production C. Private property D. Labour E. Nothing 38. According to Marx within the Communist Manifesto who "are on the one hand practically the most advanced and resolute section of the working-class parties of every country, that section which pushes forward all others; on the other hand theoretically, they have over the great mass of the proletariat the advantage of clearly understanding the line of march, the conditions, and the ultimate general results of the proletarian movement?" A. Communists B. Socialists C. Democratic-Republicans D. Capitalists E. National Socialists 39. Once Marxist-Communism is established what type of economy is there for business to be enacted within? A. Command Economy B. Mixed Economy C. Free Market Economy D. Oligiopolistic Economy E. Capitalistic Economy Chapter 6 - The Ethics of Consumer Production and Marketing - Velasquez 40. In the Market Approach to consumer protection if consumers do not place a high value on safety (or are unwilling to pay for it), then it is wrong to force them to accept higher levels of safety through regulation. A. True B. False 41. Critics to the Market Approach respond the benefits of the free markets are obtained only when the markets have all of the seven defining characteristics. Which are a portion of theses characteristics? A. There are numerous buyers and sellers B. Everyone can freely enter and exit the market C. The market is unregulated D. All of the above E. None of the above 42. The consumers who think ahead, consider, and watch every penny they spend, knowing how their choices will affect their preferences are known as: A. Irrational utility minimizers B. Rational utility maximizers C. Rational consumption maximizers D. Cogent utility reducers E. All of the above43. Research has shown people are irrational and inconsistent when weighing choices based on probability estimates of future costs and payoffs. A. True B. False 44. What theory of business' duties to consumers claims a business has four main moral duties: the basic duty of (1) complying with the terms of the sales contract, and the secondary duties of (2) disclosing the nature of the product, (3) avoiding misrepresentation, and (4) avoiding the use of duress and undue influence. A. Commercial B. Consumptive C. Contingent D. Competitive E. Contractual 45. The due care theory of the manufacturer's duties to consumers is based on the idea the consumers and sellers do not meet as equals and the consumer's interests are particularly vulnerable to being harmed by the manufacturer, who has a knowledge and an expertise that the consumer lacks. A. True B. False 46. What type of privacy deals with respect to a person's "inner life," this includes the person's thoughts and plans, personal beliefs and values, feelings, and wants. A. Spiritual privacy B. Physical privacy C. Personal privacy D. Psychological privacy E. Emotional privacy 47. The most common criticism of advertising concerns is its effect on the consumer's beliefs. A. True B. False 49. Although there are some advertisements that are intended to manipulate, such advertisements do not violate the consumer's right to be treated as a free and equal rational being. A. Truc B. False 49. According to Velasquez F.A. Hayek stated psychic wants have been around longer than advertising. A. True B. False 50. According to Hayck in The Road To Serfdom (Section V: Planning and Democracy) "the various kinds of collectivism, communism, fascism, etc., differ among themselves in the nature of the goal toward which they want to direct the efforts of society - but they all differ from liberalism and individualism in wanting to organize the whole of society and all of its resources for this unitary end and in refusing to recognize autonomous spheres in which the means of the individuals are supreme." A. True B. False