420 young adult smokers (ages 18 to 25 years) called the American Cancer Society hotline seeking assistance with quitting smoking. All study participants received three booklets on smoking cessation; additionally, half were offered up five telephone counseling sessions. The independent variable was "receipt of telephone counseling (yes/no),” and the dependent variable was "abstinent from smoking (yes/no).” The study found that those who were offered the telephone counseling were significantly more likely to be abstinent from smoking 3 months later than those who were not offered the telephone counseling

Does Telephone Counseling Increase Smoking Cessation Rates Among Young Adult Smokers?