48.Given that the critical value that the test statistic is to be compared with is equal to 1.645 at a 90% significance level, which of the following statements are true?

a.The researcher should reject the null hypothesis at the 90% significance level.

b.The researcher might be able to reject the null hypothesis at the 95% level of significance.

c.The researcher cannot reject the null hypothesis at this significance level.

d.The researcher has provided evidence that people in urban areas use bank debit cards more than people in rural areas.

e.More information is needed before a decision about the null hypothesis can be made.

49.The following list contains the six-step procedure for drawing a sample.Select the proper order for this procedure.

A.Collect the data from the designated elements.

B.Identify the sampling frame.

C.Define the population.

D.Determine the sample size.

E.Select a sampling procedure.

F.Select the sample elements.

50.The criteria that need to be balanced when choosing a disproportionate stratified sample are

a.strata size.

b.strata heterogeneity.

c.strata variances on the variable of interest.

d.a and b.

e.a, b, and c.

51.You know that consumers with high incomes show a much greater variability in their consumption of a given good than those with low incomes.What type of sample would produce the most efficient estimate of the average consumption per individual?

a.simple random sample

b.disproportionate stratified sample

c.proportionate stratified sample

d.quota sample

e.systematic sample

52.One feature that distinguishes stratified samples from quota samples is that with stratified sampling, elements are selected ____, while with quota sampling they are selected ____.

a.statistically; deterministically

b.probabilistically; judgmentally

c.judgmentally; probabilistically

d.probabilistically; randomly

e.empirically; deterministically

53.The steps necessary to perform a cluster sample of Dove Bar Milk Chocolate consumers are

a.perform a census of two systematically chosen strata.

b.divide the consumers into separate groups on the basis of age categories (e.g., <18, 19-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-64, 65+).

c.perform simple random sampling in all the strata.

d.randomly choose two age categories and interview all or some of those consumers.

e.b and d.

54.A market researcher divides the Dallas metropolitan area into blocks having roughly equal populations.He then selects a random sample of blocks and sends interviewers to each block.The interviewers are instructed to interview every eighth dwelling unit.This is ___ sampling.

a.one-stage cluster

b.two-stage cluster

c.quota

d.two-stage systematic

e.stratified

55.The distinguishing feature of cluster samples in comparison to other probability sampling plans is that

a.cluster samples provide each population element with an equal chance of being included in the sample.

b.cluster samples provide each population element with a known chance of being included in the sample.

c.cluster samples involve the partitioning of the parent population into mutually exclusive and exhaustive subsets.

d.cluster samples involve the partitioning of the parent population into mutually exclusive and exhaustive subsets and the probabilistic selection of elements from each subset.

e.none of the above.

56.Which of the following statements is true?

a.In cluster sampling, the parent population is broken into mutually exclusive and exhaustive subgroups and a simple random sample is selected from each subgroup.

b.Cluster samples are most statistically efficient when the clusters are internally homogeneous.

c.In order to yield high statistical efficiency, each cluster in a cluster sample should include as many diverse universe values as possible.

d.One of the main advantages of cluster sampling over simple random sampling is its greater statistical efficiency for the same size sample.

e.All of the above statements are false.

57.In cluster sampling, statistical efficiency

a.is often traded off for increased economic efficiency.

b.is apparent if one samples 50 population elements instead of 20.

c.is the same as the overall efficiency of a sampling plan.

d.can be offset by observational efficiency.

e.b and d.

58.Systematic sampling is a form of

a.cluster sampling.

b.stratified sampling.

c.quota sampling.

d.convenience sampling.

e.simple random sampling.

59.Which of the following types of probability samples does not require a complete list of population elements by name in order to draw a sample?

a.stratified sample

b.systematic sample

c.simple random sample

d.cluster sample

e.quota sample

60.When using area sampling, a researcher should seek a balance between statistical efficiency which suggests ____ and economic considerations which suggest ____.

a.the need for accuracy; that benefits be considered

b.a small number of areas be used; few areas be used

c.a large number of areas be used; few areas be used

d.that a small sample size can be used to predict accurately; possible losses due to faulty predictions can be costly

e.that a large number of areas be used; a large number of observations within each area be collected

61.A researcher divides the city of Flint, Michigan, into 500 blocks of 10 households each.He requires a sample of 400 households.He then selects his sample by choosing 100 blocks and 4 households per block.This is an example of ____.

a.systematic sampling

b.two-stage area sampling

c.probability-proportional-to-size sampling

d.one-stage area sampling

e.sequential sampling

62.In the previous example, the researcher selects his sample by choosing 50 blocks and 8 households per block.The second stage sampling fraction is ____.

a.8/10

b.1/8

c.1/10

d.1/2

e.indeterminate

63.Probability-proportional-to-size sampling requires that

a.a certain proportion of second-stage units be selected from each first-stage unit.

b.a fixed number of second-stage units be selected from each first-stage unit selected.

c.a variable ratio of first-stage units be selected.

d.a variable proportion of first-stage units be selected.

e.none of the above.

64.A researcher, in attempting to sample the population of Cleveland, decides to select five households for each block designated for inclusion in the sample.The blocks themselves are to be selected with variable probabilities depending on their size.This is an example of

a.one-stage area sampling.

b.quota sampling.

c.simple two-stage area sampling.

d.probability-proportional-to-size area sampling.

e.systematic sampling.

65.Which of the following is not true about sampling (circle one):

a)there may exist sampling biases in internet research

b)larger samples are always better for surveys

c)small samples suffice for focus groups

d)convenience samples can, on occasion, be used to generalize to the target population

e)larger samples are necessary for greater confidence levels (as z goes from 1.96 to 2.58)