49. Because statistical software plays such an important role in modern statistical applications, many studies have encouraged the use of technology in statistics courses. The Guidelines for the Assessment and Instruction in Statistics Education (GAISE) (Aliaga et al., 2005) project was funded by the American Statistical Association to examine needs for college level statistics courses. One of the six recommendations from GAISE is the use of technology for developing conceptual understanding and analyzing data. A survey was sent to students at 100 different universities across the United States to access the relationship between ease of learning the statistical software program SAS and a student's currently level of SAS proficiency. The results of the survey are published in Jackson et al., 2011, in the International Mathematical Forum journal and are shown below. Table 1.Two-way table for ease of learning SAS and SAS proficiency level. Proficiency Not proficient Somewhat Very Total Ease proficient proficient Difficult 11 15 2 28 Somewhat easy 8 33 11 52 Very easy 17 14 32 Total 20 65 27 112 Proficiency Not proficient Somewhat Very Total Ease proficient proficient Difficult D G Somewhat easy H K Very easy L Total What is the column proportion, A, for students who find SAS difficult to learn and who are not proficient in SAS? A) 11/20 B) 11/28 C) 11/112 D) None of the above