5. Building setbacks 12 meters or less and up to 500 meters from the mean high water line . Cottages spaced 10 meters apartcoo-o. Landscaping Landscape design should be a component of the development plan. Trees have to be carefully root balled and replanted elsewhere on the site. Use endemic plants. Artificial lakes may be used to moderate temperature. Benefits: 8. creates attractive setting screens unwanted views provides relief from the sun's heat acts as wind breaker provides focal points Vehicle parking Vehicle parking should be integrated into the landscaping plan to minimize visual impact. Parking areas may be broken down into smaller units a by changes of level and vegetation for shade and visual amelioration. Car parking spaces should be 2.4 meters x 4.8 meters with a minimum area of 30 square meters per space for open car parking. Adequate parking spaces for buses should be provided. Parking should be located off street and to the side of or behind the building. Utility lines must be placed underground 9. 10. Arc hitecturol design incorporates traditional styles prefers local materials shuns coral blocks chooses rooflines based on topography and climate Roads should be at least 6 meters wide for twoway traffic circulation roads should have a minimum radius of 6 meters for turning circles Resort Development Guidelines (lnskeep 8. Kallenbergen I992} Infrastructure must maintain environmental quality and offer quality tourism experience. Specific land use, development, and design standards must maintain the resort's character and quality. There must be a variety of attractions and services, as well as services for the surrounding communities. High quality of tourism products and services must be maintained through development and operational standards. Resort plan must allow adjustments to changing market trends but modifications should maintain the resort's basic concept. Development must consider provisions for employee training and housing and community servrces. Resort should be developed within its regional context as regional infrastructure and other improvements are often required as part of the resort development project. 8. Adequate access to the resort is essential to attract the desired tourist markets. Development Guidelines for Beach Resort Beach "the sloping area of unconsolidated material typically sand, that extends landward from the mean high water mark to the area where there is a marked change in the material or natural physiographic form or when there is no such marked change in the material or natural physiographic form, the beach shall be deemed to extend to a distance of twenty meters landward from the mean high water mark or such lesser area as may be determined by the authorities and shall include the primary sand dune" [Cambers P998) Need for Beach Setbacks {Cambers W98) serve as buffer zones to prevent accretion or erosion damage control improve vistas provide access offer privacy Building Height Guidelines for Beach Resorts in Boracay {Municipal Ordinance N0, 2000 i3i of Malay, Aklan} 25 m. from the beach marker {waterline}: No Build Zone or NBZ 5m. from NBZ l5 m. away therefrom: 6 m. fall (a single storey building only] 15.1 m. from NBZ25m.away therefrom: 8.5 m. tall (twostorey building only) 25.1 m. from N32 50 m. therefrom: lO.5 m. tall 50.] m. from NEE150 m. therefrom: l2 m. tall 150m. away from N82: 14 m. tall Green lntrastructure Guidelines Green infrastructure \"the use of ecosystems, green spaces and water in strategic land use planning to deliver environmental and quality of life benefits. It includes parks, open spaces, playing fields, woodlands, wetlands, road verges, allotments, and private gardens.\" {The European Commission) Elements of Green infrastructure At the strategic level: At the neighborhood level: . Civic scale spaces - Amenity green space . Public parks and gardens - informal recreation spaces . Green networks - Play spaces - Country and regional parks - Allotments, community growing - Natural/semi~natural green spaces spaces - Forests and woodlands - Playing fields - Grasslands - Sports areas - Designed landscapes - Urban parks - Formal gardens - Burial grounds, cemeteries - City farms - Swales (a low tract of land that is - Blue networks usually moist or marshy} - Rivers, lochs, and wetlands - Urban woodlands - Ponds - Water courses At the street level: - Boundary features, such as hedges Street trees Verges (Borders) Swales porous paving Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems [SUDS Trees can be used for traffic calming, add visual interest, improve microvclimate, and provide valuable wildlife habitats. At the building level: - Green roofs Living walls [walls with vegetation) Gardens or grounds Rainwater harvesting systems Driveways [permeable] Benets of Green Infrastructure 1. Place-making . gives places a strong identity 2. Economic value a boosts property values: helps attract businesses and outside investors 3. Climate change mitigation . helps reduce CO2 emissions by encouraging walking and cycling . provides carbon storage and sequestration in vegetation, shelter, and protection from extreme weather . reduces flood risk: stores surface water in times of peak flow: cleans and cools the air, water, and soil, reducing the heat island effect of urban areas . saves energy by insulating buildings through green roofs and providing shade through large trees 4. Environmental health . reduces pollution through the use of SU D3 and buffer strips . prevents fragmentation of habitats . allows diverse habitats to thrive 5. Community and social benets - creates green spaces for socializing, interaction, and events - gives children more opportunities and places to play 6. Health and well-being - encourages exercise and physical activity by providing spaces for walking, cycling, and sports - improves mental wellbeing ACTIVITIES l . There is a plan to construct a runway on Boracay Island itself. Find out about the details of that plan, and make a position & paper on whether you will support or not based on the assessment of its possible environmental impact(s). Research about the impact of climate change on small island developing states in the Pacific, such as Vanuatu, Samoa, Kiribati. Recall the last beach resort you visited. Compare the development in that resort with the setback and other development guidelines listed in this chapter. Research further on carbon offsetting schemes in the tourism industry. Provide examples