5. Discuss normative versus empirical questions, explaining (1) why these two types of questions illustrate the challenges of making public policy and (2) the operationalization of normative into empirical questions. Next, consider - as some politicians, media personalities, and others have suggested - potential voter fraud affecting the outcome of the 2022 elections in Arizona. (You may want to Google news articles on Maricopa County, Kari Lake, and Katie Hobbs.) Describe some potential normative and empirical elements of these assertions. Finally, compare equity to efficiency. Be sure to define equity and efficiency, discuss the types of equity and types of efficiency highlighted in class, and draw comparisons between the two concepts.