5. Impact of budget deficits The following graph shows the loanable funds market in the United States. It plots both the demand (D) for loanable funds and the supply (S) of loanable funds. At the current equilibrium, the government is operating with a balanced budget. Assume now that concerns regarding resources available to public educators lead the government to increase education spending without raising taxes, causing a budget deficit. Show the effect of the budget deficit on the market for loanable funds by shifting the demand (D) curve, the supply (S) curve, or both. S D S INTEREST RATE D OANABLE FUNDSLOANABLE FUNDS Based on this model, the budget decit leads to V in the interest rate and V in the level of investment. Which of the following arguments might a supporter of a balanced budget make in defense of their position? Check all that apply. [1 An individual's share of the government debt represents only a small portion of his or her lifetime earnings. [7 Budget deficits place a burden on future taxpayers. [7 Budget deficits decrease national saVing. [7 Budget deficits increase national saving. Supporters of a balanced budget claim that the government's budget decit cannot grow forever, but critics believe that this is not necessarily true. They argue that what matters is the size of debt relative to national income. For example, suppose that real output in the United States grows at approximately 6%. If the inflation rate is 3% per year, this means that nominal income must be growing at a rate of per year. Because nominal income grows over time, the nation's ability to pay back the national debt also rises. Therefore, as long as the nation's income grows V than the government debt, the level of debt can continue to increase without harming the economy. In this case, the nominal government debt can rise by each year without increaSing the debt7t07income ratio. Continue without saving