50. It is conventionally assumed that there are three levels in the organisation at which decision making takes place. a) Identify and define each of the three levels. (6 mks) b) Describe the characteristics of decision making at the different levels. (6 mks) c) Give an example, for each level, of the type of assistance or information a computer-based management information system could supply to aid decision making. (3 mks) d) Explain how the use of ICT can bring about improvements in productivity within a business organisation. (5 mks) 51. (a) How does introduction of a new information system affect IT personnel in an organisation? (b) Explain the repercussions of the abdication of responsibility by senior management during an information system development project. (4 mks) (6 mks) (c) An Executive Information System (EIS) has been defined as 'a computer-based system under the direct control of the executive, which provides the executive with current status information on conditions internal and external to the organisation'. Clearly explain the characteristics of an EIS, identifying why these characteristics discriminate such a system from other information systems used by management. (10 mks)