6. (5 points) State which of the following would be either consistent with or a violation of the efficient markets hypothesis.

a. Stock prices of companies that announce increased earnings in January tend to outperform the market in February. (answer: violation)

b. Stocks that perform well in one week perform poorly in the following week. (answer: violation)

c. Stock prices tend to be predictably more volatile in January than in other months. (answer: consistent)

d. Nearly half of all professionally managed mutual funds are able to outperform the S&P 500 in a typical year. (answer: consistent)

e. Money managers that outperform the market (on a risk-adjusted basis) in one year are likely to outperform in the following year. (answer: violation)

I know the answers, but do not know why those are them; could someone explain this to me?