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0. The description of an organization as more like a snake pit, with daily conflict, distress, and struggle would come from which level within the organization? a group level b. organizational level c. individual level d. department level 7. The snake pit metaphor of organization behavior conveys the: a dark side of organizations b. the dark side of human behavior c. the dark side of competition d. the dark side of the globalization of markets 8. An internal perspective of human behavior tends to explain a person's actions in terms of a. job demands b. personal value system c. task design d. organization communication channels 9. All of the following are internal behavioral processes except: a. cognition b. perceiving c. judging d. leading 10. The internal or external perspectives offer: a complementary explanations for human behavior b. similar explanations for human behavior c. conflicting explanations for human behavior d. alternative explanations for human behavior 11. When a manager states, "Mary is an outstanding employee because she has a high need for achievement." the manager is using which explanation for Mary's behavior? a. internal b. external c. interactive d. cultural 12. When Mary's manager states, "Mary is an outstanding employee because she is paid extremely well." the manager is using which perspective for Mary's behavior? a internal b. external e interactive d. cultural 13. Kurt Lewin may have best captured alternative explanations for human behavior when he stated behavior is a function of: a. the individual personality and preferences for leadership style b. the consequences of compliant and deviant behavior within social groups c. culture and the systemic properties of the organization d. the person and the environment