6.17 [10/10/15] One trend in high-end servers is toward the inclusion of nonvolatile Flash memory in the memory hierarchy, either through solid-state disks (SSDs) or PCI Express-attached cards. Typical SSDs have a bandwidth of 250 MB/sec and latency of 75 us, whereas PCIe cards have a bandwidth of 600 MB/sec and latency of 35 us. a. [10] Take Figure 6.7 and include these points in the local server hierarchy. Assuming that identical performance scaling factors as DRAM are accessed at different hierarchy levels, how do these Flash memory devices compare when accessed across the rack? Across the array? b. [10] Discuss some software-based optimizations that can utilize the new level of the memory hierarchy. 6.17 [10/10/15] One trend in high-end servers is toward the inclusion of nonvolatile Flash memory in the memory hierarchy, either through solid-state disks (SSDs) or PCI Express-attached cards. Typical SSDs have a bandwidth of 250 MB/sec and latency of 75 us, whereas PCIe cards have a bandwidth of 600 MB/sec and latency of 35 us. a. [10] Take Figure 6.7 and include these points in the local server hierarchy. Assuming that identical performance scaling factors as DRAM are accessed at different hierarchy levels, how do these Flash memory devices compare when accessed across the rack? Across the array? b. [10] Discuss some software-based optimizations that can utilize the new level of the memory hierarchy