7. For an industrial and mining complex such as Secunda (Mpumalanga Province), identify the industrial synergies that could be optimised to avoid wastage of materials in the system. Identify at least four resources that could be optimised for different industries in the region. (20 pts) 8. The mass composition of dry paper is 43% carbon, 6% hydrogen, 44 oxygen, and 7% other. Estimate the litres of air required to burn 1kg dry paper. Assume carbon dioxide and water are the only products of combustion carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Assume a temperature of 20C and pressure of 1 atm. (15 pts) 9. Indicate and explain at least three beneficiation processes that can be implemented at a landfill site to extract value added products from the landfill site. (8 pts) 0.851 10. Obtain data on percent distribution by mass of solid-waste components for your community or nearby community. How do your values compare with those in Peavy, Table 10-3 and the ones published for the City of Leno, Nevada, USA by Glass et al. 2005? (20 pts) 11. The solid waste composition and quantity of solid waste generated from two cities located in the developing world are as follows Component Food waste (%) City 1 47.0 6.3 36.0 10.7 0.38 Paper and cardboard (%) Ash (%) Other (%) Waste generation rate (kg/person-day) 11.1. Which city generates more ash on a per capita basis? (4) City 2 65.5 6.5 10.2 17.8 0.28 11.2. Which city generates more non-ash waste on a per capita basis? (4) 12. Discuss the climate impact of waste from a global trends and strategy framework perspective. Specifically focus on the climate impact of waste management practices. Consider the UNEP Waste and Climate Change: Global Trends and Strategy Framework (2010) as a guideline for the discussion. (30)