8. At Toyota, each task operating employees and machines perform is carefully studied to promote maximum productivity. Some tasks are examined using time and motion studies to standardize work methods. What management approach is Toyota using? a. Human relations management b. Scientific management c. Management science d. Contingency theory e. Administrative management 9. The Northeast region of the U.S. experienced flooding from Hurricane Irene. This is an example of a. environmental turbulence. b. environmental homogeneity. c. competitive rivalry. d. the threat of new entrants. e. boundary spanning. 10. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA, or Obamacare) requires individuals to obtain health insurance. This is an example of the environment or dimension. a. internal b. political-legal c. task d. sociocultural e. economic