8. With the development of scanning and snooping software, computer systems cannot be assured of security. Discuss what steps need to be taken to ensure system safety. 9. We discussed in this chapter that risk can be both voluntary and involuntary. Give examples in each case. 10. Why do we always take risk as a crucial design component? What two aspects must be considered? 11. In carrying out the risk assessment and control of a software product, what aspects must be considered and why? 12. Why is there a myth that computers (hardware and software) do not make errors? 13. Does the myth about computers complicate the safety issue? 5. Why do hackers devote substantial amount of time to their trade? 6. Discuss the challenges in tracking down cyber criminals. 8. What is the best way to bring about full reporting of e-crimes, including costs? 9. Why do countries worldwide have very little information to help them combat cybercrimes? 10. Why are cybercrimes on the rise? 11. In addition to monetary costs, there are ethical and social costs of e-crimes; discuss these hidden costs. 12. Estimate the cost of cyber-attacks in the last 2 years.