) 8:47 sl Keplers Law's Activity Done SCI1000C Activity#2: Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion 1. Kepler's first law states that the planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus. Open the Kepler's 1% law simulation at https://www.walter-fendt.de/htmlS/phen/keplerlawl_en.htm 2. Check the box entitled \"Elliptical Orbit\". w . The semi-major axis (abbreviated a) is the mean distance at which a celestial object orbits the Sun. An astronomical unit (abbreviated AU) is one Earth-Sun distance. Change the semi-major axis to 1AU. 4. Planetary and other orbits are elliptical in nature. That means that the distance from an object to the Sun varies as it revolves around it. Perihelion is the closest a body gets to the Sun during its orbit. Aphelion is the farthest it gets from the Sun. W To describe how elliptical an orbit is astronomers use a term known as eccentricity (abbreviated e). It varies from 0 (a perfectly circular orbit) to just shy of 1 (a highly elliptical orbit). N Vary the eccentricity and complete the table below. eccentricity perihelion (AU) aphelion (AU) 0.75 0.95 7. Based on these results: 1. Which orbit would have the smallest perihelion? a) a=2.0 AU, e=0.206 b) a=2.0 AU, =0.007 ) a=2.0 AU, e=0.566 ii. Which orbit would have the largest aphelion? a) a=2.0 AU, e=0.206 b) a=2.0 AU, =0.007 )a=2.0 AU, e=0.566 8. Look up the eccentricities for each of the planets (see appendix of textbook or online). Most of them have nearly circular orbits. Which two have more pronounced eccentricities? (0 8:47 all @M Keplers Law's Activity Done 6. LOOK Up u1 CCCCNUICIUCS 10T dCI1 O1 UIC PIAIICLS (5C appendix of textbook or online). Most of them have nearly circular orbits. Which two have more pronounced eccentricities? 9. Which planet has the most circular orbit? 10. Three different elliptical orbits are illustrated below. Refer to these to answer the following questions. i. Are the eccentricities of B and C the same? ii. Which orbit has the greatest eccentricity? 1ii. Which orbit has the largest aphelion? iv. Which orbit has the smallest perihelion? v. Which orbit has a perihelion and aphelion that are equal? vi. Venus and Earth are two planets with orbital eccentricities of nearly zero. Which figure most nearly represents these orbits? 11. Open the Kepler's 2 law simulation at https://www.walter-fendt.de/htmlS/phen/keplerlaw2 _en.htm 12. Uncheck the sectors box. 13. Set the semi-major axis to 1.0 AU. 14. Set the eccentricity to 0.00. 15. What do you notice about the orbital speed? 16. Slowly increase the eccentricity. 1. As the eccentricity increases what happens to the orbital speed? ii. Where is it greatest? iii. Where in its orbit does an object move with slowest speed? iv. Comets typically have large eccentricities. What does this say about how their speed changes as they near the Sun? Why is this dangerous for the Earth's inhabitants? 17. Now check the sectors box. Change the eccentricity to 0.75. Does this help you visualize Kepler's statement that \"A line joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal time intervals\". (0