8.For the AD curve, a movement upwards along a given AD curve must be associated with which of the following:

(a) A rise in the real interest rate.

(b) A fall in the real interest rate.

(c) A rise in the equilibrium level of real GDP.

(d) A fall in the rate of inflation.

(e) None of the above

10.Which of the following represents adaptive or backward-looking inflation expectations?

(a) e(t) = (t)

(b) e(t) = (t-1)

(c) e(t) = (t+1)

(d) e(t) = Y(t) - Y*

(e) None of the above

12.Suppose the short-run AS curve is given by:

(t) = (t-1) + (t)

If there is a temporary (one-period) favourable inflation shock ( < 0), in the short-run;

(a) The inflation rate will increase for one-period and then immediately return to its pre-shock value.

(b) The inflation rate will decrease for one-period and then immediately return to its pre-shock value.

(c) The inflation rate will increase when the shock occurs and remain at new higher level.

(d) The inflation rate will decrease when the shock occurs and remain at new lower level.

(e) None of the above

13.The country of Bree is experiencing a contractionary output gap. Other things equal, what will be the effect over time of the output gap on the inflation rate in Bree?

(a) The contractionary gap will cause inflation to increase.

(b) The contractionary gap will cause inflation to fall.

(c) The inflation rate will be unaffected by the contractionary gap.

(d) The inflation rate will initially fall, but eventually increase to its original level.

(e) The inflation rate will initially rise, but eventually decrease to its orginal level.

14,Which of the following is true in long-run equilibrium in the AD and AS model?

(a) Actual and expected inflation are both equal to zero.

(b) The change in actual inflation is equal to zero.

(c) Y < Y*

(d) Y > Y*

(e) Actual inflation is greater than expected inflation.

20.In the AD and AS model which of the following best describes the effects of an increase in potential output.

(a) There is an expansionary gap in the short-run, but higher real GDP and lower inflation in the long-run.

(b) There is an expansionary gap in the short-run, but higher real GDP and higher inflation in the long-run.

(c) There is a contractionary gap in the short-run, but higher real GDP and lower inflation in the long-run.

(d) There is a contractionary gap in the short-run, but higher real GDP and higher inflation in the long-run.

(e) Real GDP increase in both the short-run and the long-run and inflation falls in the long-run