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(8pts) What is the difference between half-duplex and full-duplex transmission modes in term of capacity utilization and flow of data? (12pts) What is a protocol?
- (8pts) What is the difference between half-duplex and full-duplex transmission modes in term of capacity utilization and flow of data?
- (12pts) What is a protocol? What are the key elements of a protocol? Give an example of a networking protocol?
- (14pts) What is a standard? What are the two categories of standards? Name three organizations that are establishing, reviewing and publishing standards?
- (8pts) For each of the following four networks, discuss the consequences if a connection fails.
- Five devices arranged in a mesh topology
- Five devices arranged in a star topology (not counting the hub)
- Five devices arranged in a bus topology
- Five devices arranged in a ring topology
- (8pts) Explain two differences between a LAN and a WAN?
- (8pts) For n devices in a network, what is the number of cable links required for a mesh, ring, bus, and star topology?
- (8pts) Cite an advantage for each of the four basic network topologies (mesh, ring, bus, and star).
- (4pts) What are the advantages of a multipoint connection over a point-to-point connection?
- (6pts) What is the number of bits per baud for the following techniques?
- ASK with four different amplitudes
- FSK with 8 different frequencies
- PSK with four different phases
- (6pts) Which characteristics of an analog signal are changed to represent the lowpass analog signal in each of the following analog-to-analog conversions?
- AM
- FM
- PM
- (9pts) Find the bandwidth for the following situations if we need to modulate a 5-KHz voice.
- AM
- FM (set =5)
- PM (set =1)
- (4pts) Define analog transmission.
- (4pts) Define digital-to-analog conversion.
- (4pts) Define analog-to-analog conversion.
- (4pts) Distinguish between a link and a channel in multiplexing.
- (15pts) We need to use synchronous TDM and combine 20 digital sources, each of 100 Kbps. Each output slot carries 2 bit from each digital source, but one extra bit is added to each frame for synchronization. Answer the following questions:
- What is the size of an output frame in bits?
- What is the output frame rate?
- What is the duration of an output frame?
- What is the output data rate?
- What is the efficiency of the system (ratio of useful bits to the total bits).
- (4pts) Define FHSS and explain how it achieves bandwidth spreading.
- (4pts) Distinguish between a signal element and a data element.
- (4pts) Distinguish between data rate and signal rate.
- (8pts) What is the Nyquist sampling rate for each of the following signals?
- A low-pass signal with bandwidth of 200 KHz?
- A band-pass signal with bandwidth of 200 KHz if the lowest frequency is 100 KHz?
- (6pts) What is the maximum data rate of a channel with a bandwidth of 500 KHz if we use eight levels of digital signaling.
- (6pts) What are the differences between parallel and serial transmission?
- (12pts) Calculate the value of the signal rate for each of the following cases if the data rate is 24 Mbps and c =1/5
- r=1
- r=1/2
- r=2
- r=4/3
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