9. Decision tree with multiple decision points

Cold Duck Manufacturing Inc. Co. is planning to add a new product line to make iToys. However, Cold Duck Manufacturing Inc. is considering the possibility of abandoning the project if the demand for the new product is low.

In the following decision tree table, (1), (2) and (3) represent decision points, also known as decision nodes or stages. The dollar value to the right of each decision node represents the net cash flow at that point, and the cash flows shown under t = 3, 4, and 5 represent the cash inflows if the project is pushed on to completion.

If Cold Duck Manufacturing Inc. Co. decides to launch the new line for iToys at Stage (1), then it will spend $60,000 on the marketing study. If the marketing study yields positive results, then the firm will spend $200,000 on the prototype. If the prototype works well, then the firm will spend several millions more at Stage (3) to build a production plant.

Suppose that as an analyst at Cold Duck Manufacturing Inc. you have to analyze sequential decisions. By studying the following decision tree, you learn which of the following? Check all that apply.

There is a 5% probability that the marketing study will produce negative results.

There is a 55% probability that the marketing study will produce positive results.

If the project is canceled after Stage (1), the cost to Cold Duck Manufacturing Inc. Co. will be the $60,000.

There is a 5% probability that the marketing study will produce positive results.

Complete the decision tree table by calculating the net present values (NPVs) and joint probabilities, as well as products of joint probabilities and NPVs for each decision branch. Assume that the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 9% for all decision branches. Hint: Use either a spreadsheet programs functions or a financial calculator for this task. Round the NPVs to the nearest dollar and remember to enter the minus sign if a value is negative.

Note: All cash amounts in the following table are in thousands of dollars.

Step 0	Step 1		Step 2		Step 3	Step 4	Step 5
1st Invest	Prob	2nd Invest	Prob	3rd Invest	Inflow	Inflow	Inflow	NPV ($)	Joint Prob (%)	NPV x Joint Prob ($)
			(2) 55%	$10,269	(3) $4,761	$8,237	$20,065
	95%	$200	(2) 35%	$10,000	(3) $1,900	$2,345	$7,800
(1) $60			(2) 10%	Stop	(3) $0	$0	$0
	5%	Stop		$0	$0	$0	$0
									Expected NPV =

Based on your calculations, in case Cold Duck Manufacturing Inc. abandons the new project right after the marketing study, the loss is 200000/60000/462000/154000