9. What is the difference between active and passive investing? a) Active investing involves selecting individual securities based on market analysis, while passive investing involves buying a diversified portfolio that tracks a market index b) Active investing involves buying and holding a diversified portfolio, while passive investing involves actively trading individual securities c) Active investing involves investing in high-risk assets, while passive investing involves investing in lowrisk assets d) Active investing involves investing in alternative assets, while passive investing involves investing in traditional assets 10. What is a beta coefficient? a) A measure of a stock's volatility relative to the market b) The difference between a stock's market price and its intrinsic value c) A measure of a stock's dividend yield d) A measure of a stock's price-to-earnings ratio 11. What is dollar-cost averaging? a) The process of investing a fixed amount of money at regular intervals b) The process of investing a lump sum all at once c) The process of buying and selling securities in a portfolio d) The process of hedging against market risk 12. What is a bond? a) A share of ownership in a company b) A loan made to a company or government c) A type of mutual fund d) An option to buy or sell a security at a specific price