9.2 Statistics students who engaged in a testplanning exercise improved their test scores by 3.64 percentage points. The standard deviation for those students was 11 points (Chen, Chavez, Ong, & Gunderson, 2017). Calculate d and write an interpretation. 9.11 Circle all phrases that go with events that are in the rejection region of a sampling distribution. p is small Retain the null hypothesis Accept H1 Middle section of the sampling distribution 9.12 Use Table D to find critical values for two-tailed tests for these values. a. a level of .01; df= 17 b. a level of .001; df= 46 c. a level of .05; df= 0 9.14 Distinguish between a and p. 9.19 The following table has blanks for you to ll in. Look up critical values in Table D, decide if Ho should be rejected or retained, and give the probability gure that characterizes your condence in that decision. Check the answer for each line when you complete it. (Be careful not to peek at the next answer.) I designed this table so that some common misconceptions will be revealedjust in case you acquired one. a One-tailed or Critical ttesl Reject HD or p N level two-tailed test? value value retain Hg? value a. 10 .05 Two 2.25 b. 20 .01 One 2.5? c. 35 .05 Two 2.03 d. 6 .001 Two 6.?2 e. 24 .05 One 1.72 f. 55 .02 Two 2.41 9.20 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPl-Z) has one scale that measures paranoia (a mistaken belief that others are out to get you). The population mean on the paranoia scale is 50. Suppose 24 police officers filled out the inventory, producing a mean of 54.3. Write interpretations of these ttest values. a. f= 2.10 b. f= 2.05 9.25 In Chapter 6, you encountered data for 11 countries on per capita cigarette consumption and the male death rate from lung cancer 20 years later. The correlation coefficient was .74. After consulting Table A, write a response to the statement, \"The correlation is just a fluke; random chance is the likely explanation for this correlation.\" TABLE A Critical values for Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients, * a levels (two-tailed test) df .10 .05 .02 .01 .001 a levels (one-tailed test) (df = N - 2) .05 .025 .01 005 .0005 .98769 .99692 999507 999877 9999988 90000 95001 .98000 .990000 .99900 .8053 8783 .9343 .95874 .99113 .7293 .8114 .8822 .91720 .97407 DOONAUAWNE .6694 .7545 .8329 .8745 95089 .6215 .7067 .7888 .8343 .92491 .5823 .6664 .7498 .7976 .8983 .5495 .6319 .7154 .7646 8721 5214 .6020 .6850 .7348 .8471 10 4972 .5760 .6581 .7079 .8233 11 4762 .5529 6339 .6836 8010 12 4574 .5324 .6120 .6614 .7800 13 4409 .5139 .5922 .641 1 7604 14 .4258 .4973 .5742 .6226 .7419 15 4124 .4821 .5577 .6055 .7247 16 4000 .4683 .5425 .5897 7084 17 3888 .4556 .5285 .5750 .6932 18 .3783 .4438 .5154 .5614 .6788 19 .3687 .4329 .5033 .5487 6652 20 .3599 .4227 .4921 .5368 .6524 21 3516 .4133 .4816 .5256 .6402 22 3438 .4044 .4715 .5151 6287 23 .3365 .3961 .4623 .5051 .6177 24 3297 .3883 .4534 .4958 6073 25 .3233 .3809 .4451 .4869 .5974 26 .3173 .3740 .4372 .4785 .5880 27 3114 .3673 .4297 .4706 5790 28 3060 .3609 .4226 .4629 .5703 29 .3009 .3550 4158 .4556 .5620 30 .2959 .3493 .4093 .4487 5541 40 2573 .3044 .3578 .3931 4896 50 2306 .2733 .3218 .3542 4432 60 .2109 .2500 .2948 .3248 4078 80 .1829 .2172 .2565 .2830 .3568 100 1638 . 1946 .2301 .2540 .3211 120 .1496 1779 .2104 .2324 .2943 * To be significant, the r obtained from the data must be equal to or greater than the value shown in the table. Source: Entries computed by the author.TABLE D The t distribution* Confidence interval percents (two-tailed) 80% 90% 95% 98% 99% 99.9% a level for two-tailed test .20 10 .05 .02 .01 .001 a level for one-tailed test df .10 05 .025 .01 005 .0005 3.078 6.314 12.71 31.82 63.66 636.6 1.886 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925 31.598 1.638 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841 12.924 QUAWNA 1.533 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604 8.610 1.476 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032 6.869 1.440 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707 5.959 1.415 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.499 5.408 00 1.397 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355 9 5.041 1.383 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250 10 4.781 1.372 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169 4.587 11 1.363 1.796 2.201 2.718 3.106 4.437 12 1.356 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055 4.318 13 1.350 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012 4.221 14 1.345 1.761 2.145 2.624 2.977 4.140 15 1.341 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947 4.073 16 1.337 1.746 2.120 2.583 2.921 4.015 17 1.333 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898 3.965 18 1.330 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878 3.922 19 1.328 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861 3.883 20 1.325 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845 3.850 21 1.323 1.721 2.080 2.518 2.831 3.819 22 1.321 1.717 2.074 2.508 2.819 23 3.792 1.319 1.714 2.069 2.500 2.807 24 3.767 1.318 1.711 2.064 2.492 2.797 25 3.745 1.316 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787 26 3.725 1.315 1.706 2.056 2.479 2.779 3.707 27 1.314 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771 3.690 28 1.313 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.763 3.674 29 1.311 1.699 2.045 2.462 2.756 3.659 30 1.310 1.697 2.042 2.457 2.750 3.646 40 1.303 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.704 3.551 50 1.299 1.676 2.009 2.403 2.678 3.496 60 1.296 1.671 2.000 2.390 2.660 3.460 80 1.292 1.664 1.990 2.374 2.639 3.416 100 1.290 1.660 1.984 2.364 2.626 3.390 120 1.289 1.658 1.980 2.358 2.617 3.373 OC 1.282 1.645 1.960 2.326 2.576 3.291 * To be significant, the / obtained from the data must be equal to or greater than the value shown in the table. Source: Reprinted by permission of Pearson Education Ltd