A 148,000bytes message will be transmitted from the source to the Question 1. destination in the network shown below by dividing it into frames. Assume that the signal = 10-6. propagates at a speed of 3*10km/second and each hop has a bit error rate of p = The network limits the frames to a maximum size of 1,048 bytes that includes a 48-byte header. Assume that the size of ACK frame is 32 bytes and that the transmissions of ACK frames are error free. There are no queueing delays, the processing times are negligible and the time out duration has been chosen to expire at the arrival time of ACK frames. Determine the average time it will take to transmit the message from source to destination in each of the following cases, i) Assuming that hop-by-hop Stop-and-Wait ARQ protocol is being used. A switch may begin the transmission of a frame at the second hop as soon as it has been received error free from the first hop and similarly source begins the transmission of the next frame. ii) Assuming that end-to-end Stop-and-Wait ARQ is being used. As soon as the last bit of a frame arrives at the switch, its transmission over the second link begins. ACK/NACK are sent by the destination and the source doesnot begin the transmission of the next frame until the present frame is received error free by the destination. Note: You have to show the intermediate steps in your calculations. 1000km 1500km Destination Switch Source 1Mbps 2Mbps A 148,000bytes message will be transmitted from the source to the Question 1. destination in the network shown below by dividing it into frames. Assume that the signal = 10-6. propagates at a speed of 3*10km/second and each hop has a bit error rate of p = The network limits the frames to a maximum size of 1,048 bytes that includes a 48-byte header. Assume that the size of ACK frame is 32 bytes and that the transmissions of ACK frames are error free. There are no queueing delays, the processing times are negligible and the time out duration has been chosen to expire at the arrival time of ACK frames. Determine the average time it will take to transmit the message from source to destination in each of the following cases, i) Assuming that hop-by-hop Stop-and-Wait ARQ protocol is being used. A switch may begin the transmission of a frame at the second hop as soon as it has been received error free from the first hop and similarly source begins the transmission of the next frame. ii) Assuming that end-to-end Stop-and-Wait ARQ is being used. As soon as the last bit of a frame arrives at the switch, its transmission over the second link begins. ACK/NACK are sent by the destination and the source doesnot begin the transmission of the next frame until the present frame is received error free by the destination. Note: You have to show the intermediate steps in your calculations. 1000km 1500km Destination Switch Source 1Mbps 2Mbps
