A

1.How many independent variables are in 4 x 6 factorial design? How many conditions (cells) are in the design?

2.What is the difference between a cell (condition) mean and the means used to interpret a main effect?

3. What is the difference between a complete factorial design and an incomplete factorial design?

4.Explain the difference between a two-way ANOVA and a three-way ANOVA

5.Complete each of the following ANOVA summary tables. In addition, answer the following questions for each of the ANOVA summary tables:

a.What is the factorial notation?

b.How many conditions were in the study?

c. How many subjects were in the study?

d.Identify significant main effects and iteration effects

B

1. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of quasi-experiments. What is the fundamental weakness of a quasi-experimental design? Why is it a weakness? Does its weakness always matter?
2. If you randomly assign participants to groups, can you assume the groups are equivalent at the beginning of the study? At the end? Why or why not? If you cannot assume equivalence at either end, what can you do? Please explain.
3. Explain and give examples of how the particular outcomes of a study can suggest if a particular threat is likely to have been present.
4. Describe each of the following types of designs, then explain its logic and why the design does or does not address the selection threats discussed in Chapter 7 of Trochim and Donnelly (2006):
5. Non-equivalent control group posttest only
6. Non-equivalent control group pretest/posttest
7. Cross-sectional
8. Regression-Discontinuity

Why are quasi-experimental designs used more often than experimental designs?One conclusion you might reach (hint) after completing the readings for this assignment is that there are no bad designs, only bad design choices (and implementations). State a research question for which a single-group post-test only design can yield relatively unambiguous findings.

Describe the advantages and disadvantages of quasi-experiments. What is the fundamental weakness of a quasi-experimental design? Why is it a weakness? Does its weakness always matter?

3.If you randomly assign participants to groups, can you assume the groups are equivalent at the beginning of the study? At the end? Why or why not? If you cannot assume equivalence at either end, what can you do? Please explain.

4.Explain and give examples of how the particular outcomes of a study can suggest if a particular threat is likely to have been present.

5.Describe each of the following types of designs, then explain its logic and why the design does or does not address the selection threats discussed in Chapter 7 of Trochim and Donnelly (2006):

1.Non-equivalent control group posttest only

2.Non-equivalent control group pretest/posttest

3.Cross-sectional

4.Regression-Discontinuity

6.Why are quasi-experimental designs used more often than experimental designs?

7.One conclusion you might reach (hint) after completing the readings for this assignment is that there are no bad designs, only bad design choices (and implementations). State a research question for which a single-group post-test only design can yield relatively unambiguous findings.

C

1. What research question(s) does the study address?
2. What is Goldbergs rationale for the study? Was the study designed to contribute to theory? Do the results of the study contribute to theory? For both questions: If so, how? If not, why not?
3. What constructs does the study address? How are they operationalized?
4. What are the independent and dependent variables in the study?
5. Name the type of design the researcher used.
6. What internal and external validity threats did the researcher address in his design? How did Goldberg address them? Are there threats he did not address? If so how does the failure to address the threats affect the researchers interpretations of his findings? Are Goldbergs conclusions convincing? Why or why not?