a. A 0.06-kg lead projectile traveling 367 m/s strikes an armor plate and comes to a stop. If all of the projectile's kinetic energy is converted to heat upon impact, and the projectile absorbs all of that heat, what is the temperature change of the projectile (in C)?

b. Air in a hot air balloon does 37 J of work while expanding, and also absorbs 68.4 of heat from a heat source. What is the change in the balloon air's internal energy?

c. An aluminum wing on a passenger jet is 26 m long when the temperature is 19 degrees Celsius, at what temperature (in degrees Celsius) would the wing be 1 mm shorter?

d. An irreversible process takes place by which the entropy of the universe increases by 2.1 J/K. If the temperature of the environment in which the process occurred is 190 degrees K, how much energy was made unavailable for useful work as a result?