(a) A manufacturing company has been inspecting units of output from a process. Each product inspected is evaluated on five criteria. If the unit does not meet standards for the criteria, it counts as a defect for the unit. Each unit could have as few as zero defects, and as many as five. After inspecting 2,000 units, they discovered 33 defects. What is the DPMO measure for this process?

(b) Backwoods American, Inc., produces expensive water-repellent, down-lined parkas. The company implemented a total quality-management program in 2005.Following are quality-related accounting data that have been accumulated for the five-year period after the program's start.

Year
	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
Quality Cost (in thousands dollars)
Prevention cost	3.2	10.7	28.3	42.6	50
Appraisal cost	26.3	29.2	30.6	24.1	19.6
Int. failure cost	39.1	51.3	48.4	35.9	32.1
Ext. failure cost	118.6	110.5	105.2	91.3	65.2
Accounting Measure (in thousands dollars)
Sales costs	2700.6	2690.1	2705.3	2310.2	2880.7
Manufacturing cost	420.9	423.4	424.7	436.1	435.5

The company wants to assess its quality management program. Based on the given dataset develop quality index numbers using sales and manufacturing cost for the five-year time period.